Claims about effectiveness of enhanced interrogations are … The Effectiveness Of Harsh Interrogation Techniques. While government officials have argued that "enhanced interrogation techniques" are necessary to protect American citizens, the effectiveness … Many notable thinkers are, and will continue to … Jan 09 Details of harsh interrogation techniques used by the CIA on suspected terrorists have been made public by the US Senate Intelligence Committee. Enhanced interrogations are illegal, or at least they are morally abhorrent. Throughout the period during which KSM was subjected to the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques, KSM provided inaccurate information, much of which he would later acknowledge was fabricated and recant. The article claims that without the use of the enhanced interrogation techniques on Abu Zubaydah and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed would never have been captured. Enhanced Interrogation Techniques in 2003 The report even describes other, unconventional methods of interrogations, such as the holding of an “intellectually challenged” man who was taped crying to be used as leverage to “get a family member to provide information.”. The Central Intelligence Agency’s use of “enhanced interrogation techniques” was “not an effective means of acquiring intelligence or gaining cooperation from detainees,” a Senate report claims. Anyone who is considered a threat to our Jan 06 Perspectives on Enhanced Interrogation Techniques Congressional Research Service 2 This report discusses the CIA’s Detention and Interrogation (D&I) Program as portrayed in many official documents. Enhanced interrogation techniques are techniques including walling, sleep deprivation, and waterboarding. The on-site medical officer told the inspector general that, after three or four days, it became apparent that the waterboard was ineffective, and that KSM “hated it but knew he could manage.” KSM interrogator [redacted] told the inspector general that KSM had “beat the system,” and assessed two months after the discontinuation of the waterboard that KSM responded to “creature comforts and sense of importance” and not to “confrontational” approaches. “Not only are torture methods ineffective, they harm future effectiveness of any techniques because they harm US reputation. Without using the interrogation program on KSM, they also claim, further al Qaida associates would not have been apprehended: A powerful example of the interrogation program’s importance is the information obtained from Abu Zubaydah, a senior al Qaeda operative, and from Khalid Sheikh Muhammed, known as KSM, the 9/11 mastermind. New Research Suggests Enhanced Interrogation Not Effective. Subscribe to ‘Here's the Deal,’ our politics newsletter. And that's important for people around the world to understand." 0 Jan 10 The report on the CIA’s use of interrogation, released by the Senate Intelligence Committee Tuesday, went into detail about several of the methods used. Further, a quantitative review of Abu Zubaydah’s intelligence reporting indicates that more intelligence reports were disseminated from Abu Zubaydah’s first two months of interrogation, before the use of the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques and when FBI special agents were directly participating, than were derived during the next two-month phase of interrogations, which included the non-stop use of the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques 24 hours a day for 17 days. Former CIA directors George Tenet, Porter Goss and Michael Hayden and former CIA Deputy Directors John McLaughlin, Albert Calland and Stephen Kappes — writing in The Wall Street Journal — said that the program led to the capture of senior al Qaida operatives, disrupted several terrorist plots and added to the overall knowledge of how al Qaida operates. The […] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed refused to talk until the techniques were applied. (page 208). They’re often used in the fight against terrorism. Without revealing to KSM that Hambali had been captured, we asked him who might take over in the event that Hambali was no longer around. His information on individuals is non specific; he has given us nothing on the Saudi hijackers or others who played a role… The overall quality of his reporting has steadily declined since 2003.” (page 80), Several have disputed the Senate Intelligence Committee’s claims that the techniques were ineffective. Dan Rather on the Capitol attack, the state of our nation and ‘What Unites Us’, Read Here’s an example of how the interrogation program actually worked to disrupt terrorist plotting. The report described many of the interrogations that used these techniques as “brutal” and said there was no evidence of the agency first attempting alternative, “non-threatening” approaches before resorting to them: Beginning with the CIA’s first detainee, Abu Zubaydah, and continuing with numerous others, the CIA applied its enhanced interrogation techniques with significant repetition for days or weeks at a time. h�bbd```b``>"k�d:�dU �LA$�Fi.$_-�L[��@�8#�t�� ��Om6#�Hhޠ �3�{ ` /a ? Had that attack occurred, the nightmare of 9/11 would have been repeated. Here’s why it matters, Dan Rather on the Capitol attack, the state of our nation and ‘What Unites Us’, Here’s how it feels when COVID-19 symptoms last for months, WATCH: Trump directs protesters to march to the U.S. Capitol ahead of count of Electoral College votes, Capitol riot: The ‘third world’ trope offends, misreads history, Oaths questioned as Trump’s backers fight against loss, EXPLAINER: Can social media companies boot Trump? Records do not support CIA representations that the CIA initially used an “an open, non- threatening approach,” or that interrogations began with the “least coercive technique possible” and escalated to more coercive techniques only as necessary. Senate Intelligence Committee Report on CIA Interrogation, Left: Accuracy was also called into question concerning the interrogations of Ramzi bin al-Shibh, an associate of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed: “Much of [bin al-Shibh’s] statements on the 11 September attacks have been speculative, and many of the details could be found in media accounts of the attacks that appeared before he was detained. We then found Gunawan, and information from him resulted in the takedown of a 17-member Southeast Asian cell that Gunawan had recruited for a “second wave,” 9/11-style attack on the U.S. West Coast, in all likelihood using aircraft again to attack buildings. Justin Scuiletti is the digital video producer at PBS NewsHour. 1. Ability to Quickly Acquire High Value Information. Information from both Zubaydah and al-Shibh led us to KSM. At least five detainees were said to have experienced “disturbing hallucinations,” such as in the case of Arsala Khan in 2003, detailed on page 109 of the report. Where did the enhanced interrogation techniques used at Guantánamo originate? Yes, Minister: Massive power outage leaves Pakistan in the dark, Indonesian divers find parts of plane wreckage in Java Sea, 2nd GOP senator now urges Trump to resign over Capitol riot, Anti-abortion faith leaders support use of COVID-19 vaccines, Trump pressured Georgia to ‘find the fraud’ in earlier call, Queen Elizabeth II and husband receive COVID-19 vaccinations. In the few instances where his reporting was unique and plausible, we cannot verify or refute the information… he has been sketchy on some aspects of the 9/11 plot, perhaps in order to downplay his role in the plot. The report’s first finding agreed – the “CIA’s use of its enhanced interrogation techniques was not an effective means of acquiring intelligence or … In a statement released Tuesday, CIA Director John Brennan said that, though the CIA found some common ground with the report’s findings, the agency did not agree on several points. According to Carle, enhanced interrogation techniques have similar effects. There is also a clear difference of opinion on the effectiveness of enhanced interrogation. Three types of enhanced interrogation may make sources more likely to give false information, according to research: sleep deprivation, social isolation and intense interrogator pressure. Sadly, even defenders of these valuable procedures have allowed themselves to … No amount of efficacy can justify taking these illegal and immoral actions. (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Report Executive Summary — Page 3), The use of sleep deprivation was described to involve the forcing of detainees to remain awake for upwards of 180 hours, all while standing or in stressful positions; sometimes shackled. Please check your inbox to confirm. The psychologist credited with devising the C.I.A. The CIA's use of its enhanced interrogation techniques was not an effective means of acquiring intelligence or gaining cooperation from detainees. %%EOF h��Wmo�6�+����/�7�`�e �vC�5}Pc��H��nͿ�%Z��r�O�gޝx$���g�y%��[� ������V3!�B�0�2,�\� �� �18�\��O��I\�I�A. The Central Intelligence Agency’s use of “enhanced interrogation techniques” was “not an effective means of acquiring intelligence or gaining cooperation from detainees,” a Senate report claims. Results suggested the potential usefulness of this method to examine the effectiveness of using pain for information retrieval in a scenario similar to interrogation: Analyses revealed that participants were more likely to reveal false information when exposed to the cold pressor test, and this effect became more pronounced as manipulated water temperatures became colder (from 10 degrees … Schneiderman looks at the new research being conducted into the science of interrogation. Enhanced interrogation techniques are effective and necessary for the procurement of valuable information. (page 313). Learn why enhanced interrogation techniques may be counterproductive, leading to misleading or false confessions. Considering the nature of terrorists, most who are willing to die to serve their purpose, it is necessary to use unique and enhanced methods of getting information out of them. For examples, the report returns to the cases of Zubaydah and KSM. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, pictured here after his capture in Pakistan in 2003, was mentioned several times in the Senate report on the ineffectiveness of the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques on detainees. In addition to the supposed ineffectiveness of waterboarding on Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the report also alleges that KSM gave inaccurate statements to interrogators because of the enhanced interrogation: The CIA repeatedly represented that KSM had “recanted little of the information” he had provided, and that KSM’s information was “generally accurate” and “consistent.” This assertion is not supported by CIA records. List of Pros of Enhanced Interrogation Techniques. Even if enhanced interrogation were effective, defenders of the program are unable to satisfy the lawful parameters of military necessity because the program relied on techniques, such as waterboarding, that clearly violate the laws of war. The SSCI report is the most comprehensive review ever conducted of the CIA Detention and Interrogation Program and is significant as it abolishes … In 1963, the Central Intelligence Agency compiled the historical understanding of such non-invasive interrogation techniques into a how-to guide titled KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation, informally known as the KUBARK manual. Watch CIA personnel — including members of KSM’s interrogation team — believed that the waterboard interrogation technique was ineffective on KSM. The report draws from an April 12, 2007, CIA testimony by Michael Hayden — then-director of the CIA — to point out supposed inaccuracies in CIA claims of enhanced interrogation effectiveness by comparing statements from Hayden to CIA interrogation records. Here’s why it matters, Watch WATCH: Trump directs protesters to march to the U.S. Capitol ahead of count of Electoral College votes, Watch ENHANCED INTERROGATION IS EFFECTIVE "It cannot be contested that the techniques were effective at eliciting information. As we move forward, it’s important to not allow the torture issue to harm the reputation, and thus the effectiveness, of the C.I.A. mFuA���w/��(����V���Յ ,*fh0X1�l�}�����kxu e���a �9�X@F1���݃�;��e`d0 ���� Jan 10 Capitol riot: The ‘third world’ trope offends, misreads history, By Victoria Milko, Edna Tarigan, Associated Press, By Darlene Superville, Alan Fram, Mary Clare Jalonick, Associated Press. Former US President George W … The administration adopted the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 to address the multitude of incidents of detainee abuse. All Rights Reserved. 929 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[915 40]/Info 914 0 R/Length 86/Prev 747618/Root 916 0 R/Size 955/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream KSM pointed to Hambali’s brother Rusman Gunawan. KSM then led us to Riduan Isamuddin, aka Hambali, East Asia’s chief al Qaeda ally and the perpetrator of the 2002 Bali bombing in Indonesia—in which more than 200 people perished. The opponents of enhanced interrogation will affix the term to American practices in order to discredit them. Interrogation techniques such as slaps and “wallings” (slamming detainees against a wall) were used in combination, frequently concurrent with sleep deprivation and nudity. President Bush stated "The United States of America does not torture. ... D.C., many national-security hawks are quietly reevaluating their position on the use of the so-called "enhanced interrogation … The CIA, the report also alleges, purposely omitted the amount of relevant information gained from other methods outside those interrogations, giving the “false impression the CIA was acquiring unique information from the use of the techniques.”, An example given, purportedly drawing from CIA records, says that seven of 39 detainees that were known to have been subjected to the enhanced interrogation techniques from the agency but “produced no intelligence while in CIA custody.” The report stated that several detainees “provided significant accurate intelligence prior to, or without having been subjected to these techniques.”. Here’s how it feels when COVID-19 symptoms last for months, Read Hundreds, if not thousands, of lives may have been spared as a result. 11 months ago. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/enhanced-interrogation-techniques-ineffective, There’s an ongoing battle of words to describe Jan 6, 2021. R.M. The psychologist credited with devising the C.I.A. Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. • Enhanced interrogation destroys reputation of CIA, making Americans less safe. The road to torture: How the CIA's "enhanced interrogation techniques” became legal after 9/11 The CIA’s torture techniques—10 in total—increased in severity as one went down the list More generally, the effectiveness of enhanced interrogations misses the point. He then divulged information about a second wave of attacks. For Zubaydah, information allegedly gained from the enhanced techniques, including the identification of KSM as the mastermind of the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, are instead attributed by the report to interrogations conducted before the use of the enhanced interrogation: According to CIA records, Abu Zubaydah provided information on “al-Qa’ida activities, plans, capabilities, and relationships,” in addition to information on “its leadership structure, including personalities, decision-making processes, training, and tactics.” This type of information was provided by Abu Zubaydah prior to, during, and after the use of the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques. Information provided by Zubaydah through the interrogation program led to the capture in 2002 of KSM associate and post-9/11 plotter Ramzi Bin al-Shibh. endstream endobj 916 0 obj <>/Metadata 70 0 R/Pages 913 0 R/StructTreeRoot 131 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 917 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 913 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 918 0 obj <>stream (page 213). Further, as previously described, during at least one waterboard session, Abu Zubaydah “became completely unresponsive, with bubbles rising through his open, full mouth.” (page 423), The report also called into question the agency’s collection of “unique” information from detainees using these interrogation methods. KSM was waterboarded by CIA interrogators in what the report describes as a "series of near drownings". endstream endobj startxref Techniques that have proven to be effective, compared to “enhanced techniques”, are learning about the detainees’ motivation, learning about their culture and gaining their trust. The technique used by the Armed Forces or any other government branch in the U.S. has proven to be effective in getting people to talk much sooner. A line must be drawn. Justin Scuiletti. “Our review indicates that interrogations of detainees on whom EITs were used did produce intelligence that helped thwart attack plans, capture terrorists, and save lives,” the statement said. 954 0 obj <>stream Nov 27 I’m going to go along with Dick Cheney who is a serious man interested in the safety of American citizens. There’s an ongoing battle of words to describe Jan 6, 2021. Jessen, one of the two contract psychologists who designed the CIA’s “enhanced interrogation techniques”, spent 10 days in the secret prison near Kabul, Afghanistan, in November 2002. At no point during or after the use of the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques did Abu Zubaydah provide information on al-Qa’ida cells in the United States or operational plans for terrorist attacks against the United States. Ten interrogation techniques were verbally approved by Attorney General John Ashcroft on July 24, 2002: “the attention grasp, walling, the facial hold, the facial slap (insult slap), cramped confinement, wall standing, stress positions, sleep deprivation, use of diapers, and use of insects” with the verbal approval of waterboarding given two days later. Subscribe to Here’s the Deal, our politics newsletter for analysis you won’t find anywhere else. Justin Scuiletti Where Hayden stated that waterboarding was successful in retrieving information from Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, records state that CIA personnel even believed that the use of waterboarding on KSM was “ineffective” claiming that one of his interrogators suggested that non-confrontational approaches had been much more successful. Khan, after 56 hours of standing sleep deprivation, could barely enunciate and was “visibly shaken by his hallucinations depicting dogs mauling and killing his sons and family.”. “The intelligence gained from the program was critical to our understanding of al Qaida and continues to inform our counterterrorism efforts to this day.”. %PDF-1.6 %���� However, in his signing statement, Bush made clear that he reserved the right to waive this bill if he thought that was needed. h�b```�L�cB cb�EH�__:i��@x © 1996 - 2021 NewsHour Productions LLC. 12 months ago. The removal of these senior al Qaeda operatives saved thousands of lives because it ended their plotting. James Mitchell, a psychologist who served 22 years in the U.S. Air Force and who helped develop the CIA’s post-9/11 enhanced interrogation program, … There is an intense debate surrounding this matter, but we can certainly say that respected members of the intelligence world insist that innocent Americans are today alive because we employed a set of coercive interrogation techniques. KSM, alone, was working on multiple plots when he was captured. Enhanced interrogation techniques or alternative set of procedures were terms adopted by the George W. Bush administration in the United States to describe interrogation methods used by US military intelligence and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to extract information from individuals captured in the “War on Terror” after the September 11 attacks in 2001. The CIA repeatedly used a subsection of a 2004 CIA Inspector General report titled “Effectiveness” as evidence that enhanced interrogation methods were effective. This is despite a recent US government report concluding that the use of such “enhanced interrogation” by the CIA was ineffective. The U.S. military used the 915 0 obj <> endobj On the substantive level, there is the question of the efficacy of enhanced interrogation techniques. Waterboarding, the effect of which is described as inducing the sensation of drowning, was noted to have resulted instead in a “series of near drownings” when used on Abu Zubaydah and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, referred to here as “KSM”: According to CIA records, Abu Zubaydah’s waterboarding sessions “resulted in immediate fluid intake and involuntary leg, chest and arm spasms” and “hysterical pleas.” A medical officer who oversaw the interrogation of KSM stated that the waterboard technique had evolved beyond the “sensation of drowning” to what he described as a “series of near drownings.” Physical reactions to waterboarding did not necessarily end when the application of water was discontinued, as both Abu Zubaydah and KSM vomited after being subjected to the waterboard. Thank you. 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