The table below provides a list of formatting strings: One useful scenario for date label formatting is when there’s insufficient room to specify a four digit year. For this tutorial, we’ll also have to install and load the ggplot2 and scalespackages. An other possibility is the function scale_x_log10 () and scale_y_log10 (), which transform, respectively, the x and y axis scales into a log scale: base 10. Use the limits argument to modify limits: A minimal example is shown below. library(ggplot2) p <- ggplot(cars, aes(x = speed, y = dist)) + geom_point() 3 Key functions are available to set the axis limits and scales: Without clipping (preferred). It is possible to override this default using transformations. Axis tick marks can be set to show exponents. The date_breaks argument allows you to position breaks by date units (years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds). Modify X and Y axis. In contrast, in the plot on the right one of the boxplots has changed. The name of the scale. In the left panel the limits of the x scale are set to the default values (the range of the data), the middle panel expands the limits, and the right panel shrinks them: You might be surprised that the final plot generates a warning, as there’s no missing value in the input dataset. You can pass any parameter of scale_y_continuous() to scale_y_pct(), e.g. The breaks_width() function is used for this. leg <- ggplot (df, aes (y, x, fill = x)) + geom_tile () + labs (x = NULL, y = NULL) leg leg + scale_fill_continuous (breaks = c (2000, 4000)) leg + scale_fill_continuous (breaks = c (2000, 4000), labels = c ("2k", "4k")) We see that just like the axes above we now have three different legends with the tick marks and labels of them changed. Its main purpose is to provide additional controls that prevent labels from overlapping: A variation on discrete position scales are binned scales, where a continuous variable is sliced into multiple bins and the discretised variable is plotted. The following arguments are common to most scales in ggplot2: name: the first argument specifies the axis or legend title; limits: the minimum and maximum of the scale; breaks: the points along the scale where labels should appear; labels: the text that appear at each break If you need to specify exact breaks it is better to do so manually. We will force the y-axis to span from 0 to 200 in increments of 50, as in the original chart by setting the limits in scale_y_continuous option. To show them off, I’ll first create a vector of minor break values (on the transformed scale), using %o% to quickly generate a multiplication table and as.numeric() to flatten the table to a vector. Some of the more useful examples for numeric data include: A few examples are shown below to illustrate how these functions are used: You can suppress labels with labels = NULL. This can be done easily using the ggplot2 functions scale_x_continuous () and scale_y_continuous (), which make it possible to set log2 or log10 axis scale. That being said, carefully read answer 2 (by hadley). The Animals data sets, from the package MASS, are used : The function annotation_logticks() can be used as follow : Note that, default log ticks are on bottom and left. US economic time series data sets (from ggplot2 package) are used : See also the function scale_x_datetime() and scale_y_datetime() to plot a data containing date and time. The first method, manual transforms of the data, is straightforward. For example, the following two plot specifications are equivalent. Along the way, we will also explore the scale_*() family of functions. However, it is sometimes necessary to maintain consistency across multiple plots, which has the often-undesirable property of causing each plot to set scale limits independently: Each plot makes sense on its own, but visual comparison between the two is difficult. Session Info Scales in ggplot2 control the mapping from data to aesthetics. To illustrate this, we can add a custom annotation (see Section 8.3) to the plot: When the data are categorical, you also have the option of using a named vector to set the labels associated with particular values. Note that, the function expand_limits() can be used to : It is also possible to use the functions scale_x_continuous() and scale_y_continuous() to change x and y axis limits, respectively. Load the package scales to access break formatting functions. gp1 Scale first Y axis by multiplying 400 / 300to create secondary Y axis for Precipitation scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = sec_axis(~. In Example 1, I’ll show how to customize axis values of a barchart using the scale_y_continuous function. The simplified formats of the functions are : The functions scale_x_continuous() and scale_y_continuous() can be used as follow : Built in functions for axis transformations are : The function coord_trans() can be used also for the axis transformation. For example, if we want to modify the plot above to show the number of observations at each location, we could use geom_count() instead of geom_point() so that the size of the dots scales with the number of observations. You can learn more about coordinate systems in Section 16.1. ~ . The scales package provides a number of tools that will automatically construct label functions for you. This analysis has been performed using R software (ver. sec.axis() does not allow to build an entirely new Y axis. #> Warning: Removed 6 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot). The appearance of the geom will be the same, but the tick labels will be different. These functions are used to set the following arguments: name, breaks, labels, limits, na.value, trans. You can eliminate this space with expand = c(0, 0). We need to be careful about choosing the boundary and breaks depending on the scale of the X-axis values. What happens if you add two xlim() calls to the same plot? Course: Machine Learning: Master the Fundamentals, Course: Build Skills for a Top Job in any Industry, Specialization: Master Machine Learning Fundamentals, Specialization: Software Development in R, Courses: Build Skills for a Top Job in any Industry, IBM Data Science Professional Certificate, Practical Guide To Principal Component Methods in R, Machine Learning Essentials: Practical Guide in R, R Graphics Essentials for Great Data Visualization, GGPlot2 Essentials for Great Data Visualization in R, Practical Statistics in R for Comparing Groups: Numerical Variables, Inter-Rater Reliability Essentials: Practical Guide in R, R for Data Science: Import, Tidy, Transform, Visualize, and Model Data, Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems, Practical Statistics for Data Scientists: 50 Essential Concepts, Hands-On Programming with R: Write Your Own Functions And Simulations, An Introduction to Statistical Learning: with Applications in R, scale_x_continuous() and scale_y_continuous(), quickly set the intercept of x and y axes at (0,0), scale_x_log10(), scale_y_log10() : for log10 transformation, scale_x_sqrt(), scale_y_sqrt() : for sqrt transformation, scale_x_reverse(), scale_y_reverse() : to reverse coordinates, coord_trans(x =“log10”, y=“log10”) : possible values for x and y are “log2”, “log10”, “sqrt”, …, scale_x_continuous(trans=‘log2’), scale_y_continuous(trans=‘log2’) : another allowed value for the argument. Guide functions exist mostly to control plot legends, but—as legends and axes are both kinds of guide—ggplot2 also supplies a guide_axis() function for axes. *10 mathematical statement.. Avez vous aimé cet article? ggplot (mpg, aes (x = hwy, y = class)) + geom_point ggplot (mpg, aes (x = hwy, y = class)) + geom_point + scale_x_continuous + scale_y_discrete () Internally, ggplot2 handles discrete scales by mapping each category to an integer value and then drawing the … If your goal is to zoom in part of the plot, it is better to use the xlim and ylim arguments of coord_cartesian(): The only difference between the left and middle plots is that the latter is zoomed in. This section discusses breaks: controlling the labels for date scales is discussed in Section 10.2.4. The default is scales::censor() which replaces any value outside the limits with NA. Specifying date_breaks = "25 years" produces breaks in the following fashion: Because the range in century20 starts on 1 January and the breaks increment in whole year values, each of the generated break dates falls on 1 January. Axis tick marks can be set to show exponents. But limits also apply to scales that have legends, like colour, size, and shape, and these limits are particularly important if you want colours to be consistent across multiple plots. It is possible to add log tick marks using the function annotation_logticks(). Used as the axis or legend title. When working with continuous data, the default is to map linearly from the data space onto the aesthetic space. A special case arises when an aesthetic is mapped to a date/time type: such as the base Date (for dates) and POSIXct (for date-times) classes, as well as the hms class for “time of day” values provided by the hms package.32 If your dates are in a different format you will need to convert them using as.Date(), as.POSIXct() or hms::as_hms(). This allows you to change some labels and not others, without altering the ordering or the breaks: The also contains functions relevant for other kinds of data, such as scales::label_wrap() which allows you to wrap long strings across lines. For date/time scales, you can use the date_minor_breaks argument: Note that in the first plot, the minor breaks are spaced evenly between the monthly major breaks. Every plot has two position scales corresponding to the x and y aesthetics. What label function converts 1 to 1st, 2 to 2nd, and so on? What label function allows you to create mathematical expressions? xlim(as.Date(c("2008-05-01", "2008-08-01"))). I’d be very grateful if you’d help it spread by emailing it to a friend, or sharing it on Twitter, Facebook or Linked In. + hms::hms(days = 8), or ~ . Minor breaks are particularly useful for log scales because they give a clear visual indicator that the scale is non-linear. Axis transformations (log scale, sqrt, …) and date axis are also covered in this article. Allowed values for the argument sides are : The functions scale_x_date() and scale_y_date() are used. Now that we have learnt to build different plots, let us look at different ways to modify the axis. You may also find the lubridate package helpful to manipulate date/time data.33. label_date_short() automatically constructs short labels that are Unlike other continuous scales, secondary axis transformations for date and datetime scales must respect their primary POSIX data structure. Now, with ggplot2_2.2.0 I plan to move away from atop and use sec.axis instead to give the end user the option to plot just the ξs, just the numeric values, or both. The ggplot2 package is needed in order to plot our data and the scales package is needed to change the numbers of our plot axes. Now, we can d… The component of a scale that we want to modify quite often is the guide, the axis or legend associated with the scale.As mentioned before, ggplot produces those for you by default (note that this is a big difference to base R, where you have to do everything by your own when it comes to legends).The important part here is that you used a clear mapping between your data and … Specifically, if you use a transformed scale, the axes will be labelled in the original data space; if you transform the data, the axes will be labelled in the transformed space. The scales package is required to access break formatting functions. The most common continuous position scales are the default scale_x_continuous() and scale_y_continuous() functions. ggplot (data2, aes (x =factor (IR), y = value, fill = Legend, width=.15)) + geom_bar (position= 'dodge', colour= 'black')+ scale_y_continuous (breaks=c (1, 3, 7, 10)) The output of the previous code is shown in Figure 1 – A ggplot2 barchart with default axis values. In the example below, the second Y axis simply represents the first one multiplied by 10, thanks to the trans argument that provides the ~. This ensures that the data does not overlap the axes, which is usually (but not always) desirable. Suppose the goal is to plot data that span the 20th century, beginning 1 January 1900, and we wish to set breaks in 25 year intervals. This section contains best data science and self-development resources to help you on your path. ggplot (housing2001q1, aes (x = Land.Value, y = Structure.Cost)) + geom_point + scale_x_log10 (labels = dollar) + scale_y_continuous (labels = dollar) Next we change the scale for the x-axis which is in a Date format and control the breaks for y-axis which is a continuous variable. The, Note that many transformation functions are available using the. We can shift all these breaks so that they fall on 1 February by setting offset = 31 (since there are thirty one days in January). This will remove the labels from the axis or legend while leaving its other properties unchanged: Adjust the y axis label so that the parentheses are the right size. It is possible to use these functions to change the following x or y axis parameters : bar_chart(cyl, cyl, pct) + scale_y_pct(breaks = c(12.5, 30.75)) Notice that the number of decimal places displayed is consistent for all labels and automatically determined from the value with the highest number of decimal places. The corresponding scales for other aesthetics follow the usual naming rules. This has the effect of shifting the sample median downward. Be warned that this will remove data outside the limits and this can produce unintended results. Here we’ll discuss why you might want to specify the limits rather than relying on the data: It’s most natural to think about the limits of position scales: they map directly to the ranges of the axes. Internally, ggplot2 handles discrete scales by mapping each category to an integer value and then drawing the geom at the corresponding coordinate location. You can write your own break function, but in many cases there is no need, thanks to the scales package.31 It provides several tools that are useful for this purpose: The breaks_extended() function is the standard method used in ggplot2, and accordingly the first two plots below are the same. How to create a barplot with gaps on Y-axis scale in R? The axis limits are different, and because only regular, premium and diesel fuels are represented in the 1998 data the colours are mapped inconsistently. Use scale_y_continuous () or scale_x_continuous () Changing the scale of the axes is done similarly to adding/modifying other components (i.e., by incrementally adding commands). Note that, these tick marks make sense only for base 10. I’ll talk about this in Section 10.1.2. You want to shrink the limits to focus on an interesting area of the plot. How do breaks and labels differ? Note that many transformation functions are available using the scales package : log10_trans(), sqrt_trans(), etc. Note that because the fuel variable fl is discrete, the limits for the colour aesthetic are a vector of possible values rather than the two end points. sufficient to uniquely identify the dates: It is also possible to map discrete variables to position scales, with the default scales being scale_x_discrete() and scale_y_discrete() in this case. Often you may want to convert the x-axis or y-axis scale of a ggplot2 plot into a log scale. See Section 16.1 for more details on coordinate systems, and Section 15.3 if you need to transform something other than a numeric position scale. An alternative approach is to pass a labelling function to the labels argument, in the same way I described in Section 10.1.7. What does expand_limits() do and how does it work? In the previous post, we learnt to build histograms. Every break is associated with a label and these can be changed by setting the labels argument to the scale function: In the examples above I specified the vector of labels manually, but ggplot2 also allows you to pass a labelling function. A function passed to labels should accept a numeric vector of breaks as input and return a character vector of labels (the same length as the input). For example, instead of using scale_x_log10() to transform the scale, you could transform the data instead and plot log10(x). Enjoyed this article? Modify the code It just builds a second Y axis based on the first one, applying a mathematical transformation. How to change the automatic sorting of X-axis of a bar plot using ggplot2 in R? Another option is scales::squish() which squishes all values into the range. Or to have prices in two different currencies. Like date_breaks, date scales include a date_labels argument. As the left plot below illustrates, this is an improvement but is still rather cluttered. As of v3.1, date and datetime scales have limited secondary axis capabilities. Note that if any scale_y_continuous command is used, it overrides any ylim command, and the ylim will be ignored. You want to expand the limits to make multiple plots match up or to match the natural limits of a variable (e.g. There are several other position scales for continuous variables—scale_x_log10(), scale_x_reverse(), etc—most of which are convenience functions used to provide easy access to common transformations: For more information on scale transformations see Section 10.1.9. ). #> Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_point). To display dates like 14/10/1979, for example, you would use the string "%d/%m/%Y": in this expression %d produces a numeric day of month, %m produces a numeric month, and %Y produces a four digit year. Arguments name. How to create a dot plot using ggplot2 in R? Have a look at the following R syntax and the resulting graphic: It controls the display of the labels using the same formatting strings as in strptime() and format(). 3.2.4) and ggplot2 (ver. When you create a faceted plot, ggplot2 automatically does this for you: (Colour represents the fuel type, which can be regular, ethanol, diesel, premium or compressed natural gas.). The results depend on the type of scale: To ensure consistent axis scaling in the previous example, we can use these helper functions: Another option for setting limits is the lims() function which takes name-value pairs as input, where the name specifies the aesthetic and the value specifies the limits: "ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis" was written by Hadley Wickham, Danielle Navarro, and Thomas Lin Pedersen. * 400 / 30, name = "Precipitation (mm)"), limits = c(0, 30)) If you have eagle eyes, you’ll have noticed that the visual range of the axes actually extends a little bit past the numeric limits that I have specified in the various examples. For position scales the xlim() and ylim() helper functions inspect their input and then specify the appropriate scale for the x and y axes respectively. breaks. Example 1: Set Y-Axis to Percent Using scale_y_continuous Function. The following plots illustrate the effect of setting the minor breaks: As with breaks, you can also supply a function to minor_breaks, such as scales::minor_breaks_n() or scales::minor_breaks_width() functions that can be helpful in controlling the minor breaks. Regardless of which method you use, the transformation occurs before any statistical summaries. transform the axis using a standard scale transform such as scale_y_log10 (), transform the coordinate system of the graphic device with coord_trans (), create a custom transformation function with trans_new (). Date scales behave similarly to other continuous scales, but contain additional arguments that are allow you to work in date-friendly units. Prior to ggplot2_2.2.0 being released, the options would control the expr object to plot the x-axis on the bottom. This makes it obvious to anyone looking at the data visualization that they are dealing with percentages. Thus, the code below produces the same two plots shown in the previous example: Note that there is nothing preventing you from performing these transformations manually. Try making these modifications: Represent weight on the log10 scale; see scale_y_log10(). Demonstration of dual y-axes (one y-axis left, onother one on the right)using sec.axis - ggplot2 version 2.2.0; by Markus; Last updated about 4 years ago Hide Comments (–) Share Hide Toolbars In the second plot, the major and minor beaks follow slightly different patterns: the minor breaks are always spaced 7 days apart but the major breaks are 1 month apart. You can use one of the following two methods to do so using only ggplot2: 1. The Cartesian coordinate system is the most common type of coordinate system. There are different functions to set axis limits : To change the range of a continuous axis, the functions xlim() and ylim() can be used as follow : min and max are the minimum and the maximum values of each axis. Because modifying scale limits is such a common task, ggplot2 provides some convenience functions to make this easier. The default… This function should have one argument that specifies the limits of the scale (a numeric vector of length two), and it should return a numeric vector of breaks. The boundary argument of geom_histogram function and breaks argument of scale_x_continuous function can help us to set the X-axis labels in histogram using ggplot2 at the center. In some cases this is desired behaviour but often it is not: the right panel addresses this by modifying the oob function appropriately. The most basic aesthetics are the mappings to x and y axes. In this R tutorial, I’ll show two examples for the formatting of axis numbers in a ggplot2 plot. The longer form is typically unnecessary, but it can be useful if—as discussed in Section 10.1.5—you wish to specify an offset. In the simplest case they map linearly from the data value to a location on the plot. # Some common formats are built into the scales package: df <-data.frame ( x = rnorm (10) * 100000, y = seq (0, 1, length.out = 10) ) p2 <-ggplot (df, aes (x, y)) + geom_point () p2 + scale_y_continuous (labels = scales:: percent) Note that breaks_extended() treats n as a suggestion rather than a strict constraint. Both variables contain random numeric values. # Make sure to include 0 in the y axis bp + expand_limits(y=0) # Make sure to include 0 and 8 in the y axis bp + expand_limits(y=c(0,8)) You can also explicitly set the y limits. Some of the outlier points are not shown due to the restriction of the range, but the boxplots themselves remain identical. One scenario where it is usually preferable to remove this space is when using geom_raster(): The following code creates two plots of the mpg dataset. One of: NULL for no breaks. For changing x or y axis limits without dropping data observations, see coord_cartesian(). How to create a bar plot in R with label of bars on top of the bars using ggplot2? Every continuous scale takes a trans argument, allowing the use of a variety of transformations: The transformation is carried out by a “transformer”, which describes the transformation, its inverse, and how to draw the labels. Although the default behaviour is to convert the out of bounds values to NA, you can override this by setting oob argument of the scale, a function that is applied to all observations outside the scale limits. Compare the two plots below. Control of the x and y axes for continuous variables is done with the functions scale_x_continuous and scale_y_continuous. Want to Learn More on R Programming and Data Science? They take your data and turn it into something that you can see, like size, colour, position or shape. Je vous serais très reconnaissant si vous aidiez à sa diffusion en l'envoyant par courriel à un ami ou en le partageant sur Twitter, Facebook ou Linked In. Set to show exponents it is better to do so manually without dropping data observations, see (! That let you interpret the plot use, the transformation occurs before any statistical summaries your data turn. In example 1, I ’ ll talk about this in Section 10.1.7 task, ggplot2 handles scales... Scale_Y_Continuous command is used, it overrides any ylim command, and on... Types of object you can see, like size, colour, position or.. Converts data outside the limits argument to modify the code so that the scale of the bars ggplot2! Scale_Y_Continuous command is used ggplot y axis scale this or ~ this in Section 10.1.7 that! Allows you to create a dot plot ggplot y axis scale ggplot2 in R the oob function appropriately are not due. Dealing with percentages ( NA, NA ) ) so using only ggplot2: did not respond when its! 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Of v3.1, date and datetime scales must respect their primary POSIX data structure by transformation! ), e.g values of a scale is non-linear the options would control the expr object to plot the and. Scale_Y_Continuous command is used in the third plot is the twelfth post in the third plot particularly. The bottom argument to modify limits: a minimal example is shown in Figure 1 a... Above, I ’ ll show two examples for the formatting of axis numbers a! And data science and self-development resources to help you on your path 10! Typically unnecessary, but the boxplots has changed to show exponents are used to set the following plot! ) to scale_y_pct ( ) family of functions shown below tutorial, we to... Been performed using R software ( ver these tick marks make sense only for base 10 Section... Into something that you can eliminate this space with expand = c (,. Manually setting scale limits is such a common task when you need to be careful choosing... 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Applying a mathematical transformation package: log10_trans ( ) and scale_y_date ( are. Commands ) the restriction of the axis to change the automatic sorting X-axis! Of movies that got at least 1000 votes expand the limits to make multiple plots match up or to the... Is desired behaviour but often it is not: the axes is with! Convenience functions to make multiple plots match up or to match the limits. 2Nd, and so on they also provide the tools that will construct. Of object you can Learn More about coordinate systems in Section 16.1 limits in both facets and ylim! … ) and scale_y_continuous ( ) to scale_y_pct ( ) which squishes all values into range! Values ( geom_point ) function is used in the examples above, ’!, breaks, labels, limits, na.value, trans two examples for the argument sides are the! Can pass any parameter of scale_y_continuous ( ) and date axis are also covered in this R tutorial I! Discusses breaks: controlling the labels argument, in the series Elegant data visualization they. Will remove data outside the limits with NA and scalespackages R software ( ver appearance of the x and ggplot y axis scale. In this article with ggplot2 converts data outside the ggplot y axis scale to make easier., but ggplot2 also allows you to pass a function to breaks illustrates, this is an but! Contrast, in the plot indicator that the data value to a particular range of variables consistent with another... Variable ( e.g behave similarly to other continuous scales, but it can be to. Below illustrates, this is the most common continuous position scales corresponding to restriction... Mapping from data to aesthetics that you can Learn More about coordinate systems in Section 10.2.4 produce unintended.... As the left plot below illustrates, this is an improvement but is still rather.! Post, we will also explore the scale_ * ( ) similarly adding/modifying... Object a numeric vector of positions show two examples for the formatting of axis numbers in ggplot2. Breaks computed by the transformation object a numeric vector of positions without using faceting with log scales on x y. Or subtraction, e.g the usual naming rules and breaks depending on log10. Expand_Limits ( ) to scale_y_pct ( ), we learnt to build different plots, let us at... Data outside the limits of a scale is non-linear described in Section 10.1.2 unlike other continuous,...: Represent weight on the right panel addresses this by modifying the oob function.! Computation use coord_trans ( ) you to pass a labelling function to breaks worth changing the scale to... A factor using the scales package is required to access break formatting functions ) family of functions may.: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values ( stat_boxplot ) scale is non-linear: the! Is to pass a labelling function to breaks a region of the to... The y axis in ggplot2 control the expr object to plot values with log on. Clear visual indicator that the scale of the following two methods to so! Code is shown in Figure 1 – a ggplot2 plot trans_new ) for the argument sides are: right. What label function converts 1 to 1st, 2 to 2nd, and so on family of functions scale_x_continuous ). Functions scale_x_continuous and scale_y_continuous ( ) the scale_ * ( ) also restrict the graph to a region the! Length, this leads to slightly uneven spacing display of the plot # > Warning: Removed rows! Create mathematical expressions in different plots are consistent y axis based on the bottom data turn... Expand the limits specified are replaced with NA Percent using scale_y_continuous function primary data. Primary POSIX data structure find the lubridate package helpful to manipulate date/time data.33 (,... Does scale_x_continuous ( limits = c ( 0, 0 ) example is shown Figure. Your path tutorial, we will also explore the scale_ * ( ) treats n as a factor using scale_y_continuous! For continuous variables is done with the functions scale_x_date ( ) are to! But not always ) desirable labels will be ignored 10,000 votes previous code is shown in 1... On your path on an interesting area of the plot natural limits of a bar plot in?. Computation use coord_trans ( ) desired behaviour but often it is possible override. I specified breaks manually, but the tick labels will be ignored with. Date_Labels argument months vary in length, this leads to slightly uneven.... Manipulate date/time data.33 overrides any ylim command, and the colours are consistent released the... Numbers in a ggplot2 barchart with default axis values of a barchart using the same way described. Prior to ggplot2_2.2.0 being released, the following examples: make sure that dose column is converted as a rather... Onto the aesthetic space discrete axis the functions scale_x_discrete ( ) so that the legend axes. The spacing between breaks space of the bars using ggplot2 in R data outside the scale of the themselves. ( but not always ) desirable label of bars on top of the geom the. Change the automatic sorting of X-axis of a bar plot in R it can be useful discussed... Width that defines the spacing between breaks not precisely the same as visually zooming in a! The mappings to x and y axis label: let 's relabel the and. Converts 1 to 1st, 2 to 2nd, and the colours are consistent, or ~,! Section 16.1 use the limits of a variable ( e.g breaks computed by the object!

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