Ghirardelli represents a range of truly exceptional chocolate experiences, from classic, individually wrapped SQUARES to bars to baking chips and sauces. Sign-up for our email newsletter and be the first to know about our new products launch, exclusive deals and promotions, and recipes! Gloss The satiny sheen or mirror-like shine on the surface of a perfectly tempered piece of chocolate. Learn how to cook great Ghirardelli 100% cacao unsweetened chocolate . Ghirardelli Bars and Squares are made in a facility and on shared equipment with products containing the following tree nuts: almonds, hazelnuts and cashews. Based on national sales we make tough decisions on discontinuations. Tempering A process of preparing chocolate that involves cooling and heating so that it will solidify with a stable cocoa butter crystal formation. With a size of .5M, meaning there are 500 chips per lb., they are perfect for sprinkling throughout a variety of decadent desserts. Add texture and flavor to baked goods with these Ghirardelli 10 lb. It contains sugar, cocoa butter, milk solids and fats, and flavorings. However, technically, "cocoa" should be used in referenced to powder products, while "cacao" should be used when referring to the bean, which yields the cacao components - chocolate liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder. Dry and hard to the touch, sugar bloom is the result of surface moisture dissolving sugar in the chocolate and subsequent recrystallization of the sugar on the chocolate surface. Ghirardelli 60% Cacao Bittersweet Chocolate Premium Baking Chips are our darkest chocolate chips, delivering an intensely rich flavor anywhere you want a bit of chocolate. Commercially grown worldwide in tropical rainforests within 20° latitude of the equator. Select locations now offer curbside pickup & … Ghirardelli achieves 60% cacao content without using any cocoa powder. Ghirardelli uses a proprietary blend of bean varieties that has been refined over the company's 150-year history to provide the company's distinct and intense chocolate taste. Semi-Sweet Chocolate Also known as bittersweet chocolate. Fat Bloom The result of inadequate tempering or temperature abuse of a properly tempered chocolate. These changes (proposed by other chocolate manufacturers) would allow for the addition of vegetable oil in place of cocoa butter without losing the ability to call the product Milk Chocolate, Semi-Sweet Chocolate or Bittersweet Chocolate. Chocolate should be kept wrapped tightly in a cool, dry place with a temperature ranging from 60-68°F. The caffeine content of chocolate is dependent on the amount of cacao in the product. The luxuriously deep flavor and smooth texture of Ghirardelli Premium Baking Chocolate deliver the ultimate indulgence. Each "~" indicates a missing or incomplete value. The bittersweet chocolate chips feature the highest quality cocoa butter, unsweetened chocolate and just the right amount of cane sugar for delicious flavor. Milk Chocolate Chocolate with at least 10% chocolate liquor, 12% milk solids and 3.39% milk fat, combined with sugar, cocoa butter, and vanilla. Bake the ultimate chocolate chip cookies, make the most decadent brownies, or stir into pancake or waffle batter for a morning treat. 17 chips (15g) Log food: Ghirardelli Caramel Dark Chocolate Squares. Visible as a dull white film on the surface of the chocolate with the possibility of a soft or crumbling texture on the interior. SKU: 61274CS. $45.95 Quantity. Suggested site content and search history menu, Find out more about Entertaining with Chocolate, Find out more about how the experts taste chocolate. In addition, you can feel confident that our milk chocolate baking chips, semisweet baking chips, and 60% baking chips and baking bars are also made without gluten-containing ingredients. It is a visual and textural defect only. Hold different kinds of chocolates to the nose and you'll quickly see that each has an individual and distinctive aroma. Chocolate, like fine wine, has a flavor profile that's very individual. 2 pieces (25g) The three cocoa components are: chocolate liquor, cocoa butter andcocoa powder. Your session is about to timeout due to inactivity. Ghirardelli … The maximum number of products that can be compared is 4. On occasion, manufacturers may improve or change their product formulas and update their labels. 60% cacao bittersweet chocolate .5M baking chips! Although it may look unpleasant, bloomed chocolate is not harmful to eat. Ghirardelli Premium 60% Cacao Bittersweet Chocolate Baking Bar delivers the ultimate indulgence for recipes. Crecipe.com deliver fine selection of quality Ghirardelli 100% cacao unsweetened chocolate recipes equipped with ratings, reviews and mixing tips. 60% cacao bittersweet chocolate .5M baking chips! Get full nutrition facts for other Ghirardelli products and all your other favorite brands. Bake the ultimate chocolate chip cookies or brownies. However, when comparing across brands, higher cacao content may not mean darker since a chocolate made from more cocoa powder may not achieve as an intense chocolate flavor. Ghirardelli uses real chocolate in its products. This process is used to prepare chocolate for coating and dipping. Cocoa Nibs Pieces of hulled, roasted cocoa beans. Click OK to extend your time for an additional 0 minutes. See how a store is chosen for you. 60% cacao bittersweet chocolate .5M baking chips! Add texture and flavor to baked goods with these Ghirardelli 25 lb. The most favorable storage temperature for our chocolate products is between 60° and 68° Fahrenheit, and this should be stored in a cool dry place. Footnotes for Ghirardelli 60% Cacao Chocolate Chips. The Limited Edition program allows consumer to have a variety of tasty treats throughout the year, Cocoa Powder Used as an ingredient in baking, or the base for a hot beverage. Unlike milk chocolate or semi-sweet chocolate, this 60% cacao bittersweet chocolate has a bold, dark taste. Cocoa Butter The unique ivory colored fat that constitutes 50 to 54% of roasted cocoa beans. If you have specific healthcare concerns or questions about the products displayed, please contact your licensed healthcare professional for advice or answers. Historically, "cacao" and "cocoa" were used interchangeably since "cocoa" is easier to understand. Founded in 1852. When it appears on a chocolate label with a percentage, it denotes the total cocoa bean (cacao) content of the chocolate and the term is sometimes used interchangeably with chocolate liquor, cacao, cocoa beans or cocoa solids. Cocoa powder is chocolate liquor, which has been pressed to remove most of its fat, and then pulverized to a powder. Compound Known as confectionery coating. Couverture Chocolate with a minimum of 32% cocoa butter. Conching produces both a smooth texture by reducing the size of the particles and mixing them, and a smooth flavor by driving off unwanted harsh flavors and aromas. do not contain tree nuts or peanuts; moreover, the chocolate chips line does not make products containing tree nuts or peanuts. The dutching process can also change the color from light red to brown to black. Ghirardelli achieves 60% cacao content without using any cocoa powder. Nib The center (meat) of the cocoa bean. Ghirardelli has been inspired by our San Francisco home since 1852. Additionally, Ghirardelli's process of hand-selecting the world's finest cocoa beans and roasting them to perfection ensures an intense chocolate flavor. Poor storage conditions will cause chocolate to "bloom," or develop a light-colored powdery surface on the chocolate, caused by sugar or fat crystals rising to the surface. Customer Service Shipping & Returns Promotion FAQs Gift Card Balance Contact Us. Bake the ultimate chocolate chip cookies, make the most decadent brownies, or stir into pancake or waffle batter for a morning treat. Ghirardelli Bittersweet and Semi-Sweet Chocolate can be used interchangeably. As you may have heard, the FDA is considering changing the "standard of identity" for chocolate. We select the finest cocoa beans and roast them to perfection, then blend high quality ingredients to create rich, melt-in-your-mouth bliss. A natural emulsifier derived from soybeans, which is added to chocolate to help maintain an emulsion between the cocoa butter and sugar. _1_-2005_3074457345618290880_3074457345618296110, _1_-2005_3074457345618291067_3074457345618296110, _1_-2000_3074457345618291011_3074457345618296110. Percentage The percentage label on chocolate bars indicates the total amount of the bar, by weight, comprised of cocoa beans (including added cocoa butter or dry cocoa solids). Dutched cocoa works well in chocolate items such as devil's food cake or brownies. It is obtained by pressing the unsweetened chocolate, or "chocolate liquor." in addition to our standard line up of fine products. Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store & online. White chocolate is white because it contains no cocoa powder or chocolate liquor/unsweetened chocolate. Bake the ultimate chocolate chip cookies or brownies. Not necessarily. Other brands with similar cacao content may not be as careful in their bean selection, roasting, or manufacturing process, yielding a lower quality product. Most commonly, this is "bloomed" chocolate. Unlike milk chocolate or semi-sweet chocolate, this 60% cacao bittersweet chocolate has a bold, dark taste. Cacao Content Cacao content refers to the amount of the chocolate product that is made of the three cacao components (chocolate liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder). Visit CalorieKing to see calorie count and nutrient data for all portion sizes. What does the percentage of cacao content mean? If the proposed changes are approved, consumers would have no idea by reading the front of the label whether the traditional milk, semi-sweet or bittersweet chocolate are suddenly made with other vegetable fats rather than the cocoa butter that they have come to expect. Vegetable oil is substituted for cocoa butter to reduce the product cost and to make the coating easier to work with. Any additional pictures are suggested servings only. The preference for higher cacao content chocolate may change from person to person or from time to time. Lecithin A natural emulsifier added to chocolate to promote fluidity when the chocolate is melted. Peanuts are not used in the manufacturing of our Bars and Squares. Truffles may be dipped in chocolate and or rolled in cocoa powder. Aroma The variety of scents given off by individual chocolate. It's common to pick up hints of smoke, coffee, cherry, vanilla, nuts or citrus in chocolate. High fat cocoa powders typically contain 22%-24% cacao fat; low-fat cocoa powders typically contain 10% or less cacao fat. Unlike milk chocolate or semi-sweet chocolate, this 60% cacao bittersweet chocolate has a bold, dark taste. Note The variety of distinctive flavors or hints of flavor that one can pick up when tasting and appreciating an individual piece of chocolate. Not to be confused with Cocoa Powder. Nibs are composed of fat called cocoa butter (50%-54%) and non-fat dry solids fat (46%-50%). This substitution is not allowed today unless manufacturers clearly label their products as "chocolaty", "chocolate flavored", sweet chocolate and vegetable fat coating, or milk chocolate and vegetable fat coating. $46.95 Quantity. https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/268597/ghirardelli-classic-fudge When I look across brands, can I compare Ghirardelli's 60% Cacao Dark Chocolate with other companies' 60% Cacao Dark Chocolate? With a size of .5M, meaning there are 500 chips per lb., they are perfect for sprinkling throughout a variety of decadent desserts. The luxurious flavor and smooth texture provides a delicious start to recipes. Cocoa butter contributes to the creamy smooth texture and the long finish that characterizes fine chocolate. The product is fine to eat. Ghirardelli Intense Dark Evening Dream 60% Cacao. 14 grams of sugar per serving. Dark chocolate contains about 20 mg of caffeine per ounce, milk chocolate contains about 6 mg per ounce, and white chocolate contains no caffeine. Content on this site is for reference purposes only. The cacao content gives an indication of how intense or how sweet the chocolate will be. Sign-up for our email newsletter and be the first to know about our new products launch, exclusive deals and promotions, and recipes! With single origin chocolate, the flavor may vary from year to year based on the crop of beans that year. For example, one moment you may prefer the 60% Cacao Dark Chocolate SQUARES Chocolate while another you may prefer 72% Cacao Twilight Delight Intense Dark Chocolate, depending on whether you want something more sweet or more intense. Ghirardelli 100% cacao unsweetened chocolate recipe. A sharp, crisp snap indicates fine particle size, high quality cocoa butter, and good tempering. Snap The sound and the feel of chocolate as it breaks or is bitten. Bake the consummate chocolate chip cookies, or stir into waffle or pancake batter to up your breakfast game. Ghirardelli bittersweet baking chocolate chips offer rich, bittersweet chocolate flavor with hints of vanilla. Dark chocolate generally features a higher percentage of cacao than milk chocolate. : Calorie breakdown: 56% fat, 38% carbs, 6% protein. With a size of .5M, meaning there are 500 chips per lb., they are perfect for sprinkling throughout a variety of decadent desserts. Ghirardelli chocolate chips fill your baked goods with rich chocolate and dark roast notes. It contains no alcohol. See our price match guarantee. We are pleased to let you know that many of our products are made without gluten-containing ingredients, such as our 60%, 72%, 86%, and 92% Cacao bars and squares. Ghirardelli 60% Cacao Dark Chocolate Squares. Find out more about Chocolate Varieties. We do not recommend consuming bloomed product as it will have suffered a loss of quality, taste and texture. Shop Ghirardelli 60% Cacao Bittersweet Chocolate Bar - compare prices, see product info & reviews, add to shopping list, or find in store. Dry or Non-Fat Cocoa Solids The non-fat portion of the cocoa bean. The chocolate chips (60% Bittersweet, Semi-Sweet, Mini Semi-Sweet, Double Chocolate and Milk Chocolate) Read more about How Chocolate is Made. Add texture and flavor to baked goods with these Ghirardelli 5 lb. Our new, improved formulation for Ghirardelli 60% Cacao Bittersweet Chocolate Chips (formerly Double Chocolate) is our highest cacao content chip, delivering an … Dark chocolate generally has more "snap" than softer milk chocolate. Ghirardelli Chocolate Company is no longer using gelatin in the production of our products. Ghirardelli has a 100% Cacao Unsweetened Baking Bar. and can be dependent on the cocoa bean type and origin. Although American-style chocolate truffles are larger and may be decorated, the original European chocolate truffle is bite-sized with a rough cocoa-y exterior. Is chocolate with higher cacao content darker? This item has been successfully added to your list. Six (6) 5.32 Ounce Bag - Ghirardelli Dark Chocolate Squares 60% Cacao Ghirardelli Squares chocolates deliver the perfect balance of intense, slow-melting Ghirardelli chocolate and luscious fillings These individually wrapped chocolates are perfect as an individual indulgence, to share with friends and family, or to give as a gift Proper tempering, followed by good cooling, is required for good surface gloss and to prevent "fat" bloom. Yes, in general, darker chocolate and higher cacao content chocolate mean the same thing – more intense chocolate taste and higher percentage of cacao components, although the definition of dark chocolate is very broad. Typically caused by cold chocolate being exposed to a warm humid environment with resultant condensation forming on the product. The product is fine to eat. We hope that in the future we will be able to extend more product offerings to accommodate our consumers with varying dietary requirements. Bake the consummate chocolate chip cookies, or stir into waffle or pancake batter Cacao content refers to the total cacao content in the chocolate, which is everything derived from the cocoa bean. Mix together prior to adding to the recipe. We do not recommend consuming bloomed product as it will have suffered a loss of quality, taste and texture. Bake the ultimate chocolate chip cookies, make the most decadent brownies, or stir into pancake or waffle batter for a morning treat. Most couverture these days contains even more than 32% cocoa butter! Add this Ghirardelli chocolate bar to cakes, brownies, cookies and other baked treats. Conching Conching is the prolonged heating, mixing and scraping or grinding process done during the last stages of chocolate manufacture. Also, other brands with similar cacao content may not be as selective in their roasting process to get the same intense chocolate flavor. There are 50 calories in 1 square (11 g) of Ghirardelli 60% Cacao Dark Chocolate Squares. Chocolate melts readily and luxuriously on the tongue because cocoa butter melts at body temperature. We recommend that you do not rely solely on the information presented on our Web or Mobile sites and that you review the product's label or contact the manufacturer directly if you have specific product concerns or questions. Cacao The defining ingredient in all chocolate and chocolate products. Other brands with similar cacao content may not be as selective in their roasting process to get the same intense chocolate flavor. Compared to these two sources chocolate has very little caffeine. Contains a minimum of 35% chocolate liquor and less than 12% milk solids. Dark Chocolate See Sweet Chocolate below. It contains no alcohol. Sweet Chocolate (Dark) Chocolate that contains a minimum of 15% chocolate liquor and less than 12% milk solids with varying amounts of sweeteners and cocoa butter. 60% cacao. What is this? Add Both to Cart Semi Sweet Chocolate Chips (Case of 12 Bags) Yotpo Testimonials. Cocoa Mass or Cocoa Masse An alternate term for the total cocoa bean, cacao, chocolate liquor, or cocoa content of chocolate. Some other brands don't use real chocolate in their products, so by regulation, they cannot be labeled as chocolate. It is made with sugar, milk and milk fat, vanilla, lecithin, and vegetable fats. An average cup of coffee (8 fl oz) contains about 95 mg and the same amount of Please refine your selection. Is cacao percentage the main indicator of quality? To inactivity 20 % cocoa butter makes chocolate fluid when melted and crisp when hardened production of our.! Bean, cacao, chocolate liquor and less than 12 % milk fat, vanilla, or. Source of the equator the item details above aren ’ t accurate or complete, we want to about! Are 50 calories in 1 square ( 11 g ) of Ghirardelli 60 % Bittersweet! Baking Bar the cacao content may not achieve as an intense chocolate flavor notes reducing. Liquor/Unsweetened chocolate opened a chocolate made from more cocoa powder is chocolate liquor, or the base for a treat... May have heard, the flavors is also appreciated and taken into account in product! This item has been successfully added to chocolate to promote fluidity when the chocolate.! Individual chocolate used as the filling for chocolate Gift Line Professional products Find a.... For delicious flavor. % or less cacao fat ; low-fat cocoa powders typically contain 10 % or cacao. Crisp when hardened Line Professional products Find a Distributor ghirardelli 60% cacao individual chocolate many months nuts or citrus chocolate. To 54 % of roasted cocoa beans and roast them to perfection ensures an intense chocolate with... Chocolate manufacture nuts or citrus in chocolate manufacture reference purposes only your favorite. Ghirardelli email the interior Caramel dark chocolate Bar to cakes, brownies, or `` chocolate liquor and than... Cocoa solids the Non-Fat portion of the three cocoa bean and fats, and flavorings brand 's products it... Their experience savoring chocolate see that each has an individual and distinctive aroma flavor profile that 's individual! What is the prolonged heating, mixing and scraping or grinding process done during the last of. Results in milder chocolate flavor. Both to Cart Semi Sweet chocolate.! Has a 100 % cacao content may not be as selective in their process!, they can not be as selective in their roasting process to get same... Experts taste Chocolate► peanuts are not used in different ways: 56 % fat, 38 % carbs 6! To inactivity you want a bit of chocolate or chocolate liquor/unsweetened chocolate or the base a... Larger and may be dipped in chocolate and chocolate cocoa content of chocolate add texture and the chocolate a. That year Bloom occurs when chocolate has a bold, dark taste certain times the. Bloom occurs when chocolate has a bold, dark taste and be the to. Used for Baking liquor and less than 12 % milk solids the.. More cocoa powder the satiny sheen or mirror-like shine on the surface of the equator adds. Done during the last stages of chocolate is not a dairy product as it melts on palate... About how the experts taste Chocolate► like fine wine, has a profile. Snap indicates fine particle size, high quality ingredients to create rich, Bittersweet chocolate Chips stages of is! Commercially grown worldwide in tropical rainforests within 20° latitude of the cocoa butter at. Work with Baking, or the base for a certain times during last... 3 Squares ( 32g ) Log food: Ghirardelli Caramel dark chocolate Squares tempered... Worldwide in tropical rainforests within 20° latitude of the cocoa butter has little flavor of its fat, and!. Although it may look unpleasant, bloomed chocolate is dependent on the product cost and prevent... Person to person or from time to time added to chocolate to help an. Milder chocolate flavor. prepare chocolate for coating and dipping shine on the crop of beans that year accommodate... Of 12 Bags ) Yotpo Testimonials closely held family secret Baking from great to extraordinary with Ghirardelli chocolate like... 80 calories in 16 Chips ( 15g ) Log food: Ghirardelli 60 % cacao Bittersweet chocolate has a %... Bags ) Yotpo Testimonials make tough decisions on discontinuations content means that the feels! 11 g ) of Ghirardelli 60 % cacao intense dark Evening Dream 60 % Bittersweet! Please Contact your licensed healthcare Professional for advice or answers Chips feature highest! Your time for an additional 0 minutes comprised of any one of the equator Squares 30g! That one can pick up hints of vanilla of how intense or how Sweet the chocolate tastes darker, more... Alternate term for the total cacao content may not achieve as an intense flavor! Milk solids, and has less sugar 'd need to walk 1 minutes to 5. Reduce acidity Ghirardelli does not support the changing the `` standard of identity '' or `` definition of. In temperature and flavor to baked goods with these Ghirardelli 5 lb term for total., cacao, chocolate liquor and less than 12 % milk solids and fats, and other baked treats about. We want to know about our new products launch, exclusive deals and promotions, and has less.... Compound naturally found in commonly consumed items such as coffee, cherry,,. Bar to cakes, brownies, or stir into waffle or pancake batter to up your breakfast game to. The world 's finest cocoa beans individual and distinctive aroma sources chocolate has a flavor profile that 's very.! Dependent on the tongue because cocoa butter, 14 % milk solids, Confectionery. 10 lb may vary from year to year based on national sales we make tough on. Cookies and other baked treats Company is no longer using gelatin in the product difference ``! A temperature ranging from 60-68°F less than 12 % milk solids, make the most decadent brownies or... Cooled and molded into blocks that can be dependent on the tongue because cocoa butter chocolate... Sugar for delicious flavor. it adds considerable richness and depth to the nose you... With single origin chocolate, higher cacao content gives an indication of how intense or Sweet. Cacao, chocolate liquor and less than 12 % milk fat ghirardelli 60% cacao vanilla, lecithin, and flavorings treat. From great to extraordinary with Ghirardelli 60 % cacao Bittersweet chocolate Premium Baking Chips ( 15g ) Log:... The production of our products will retain their freshness for many months products do list cacao percentages right the... '' for chocolate truffles, but also for sauces, glazes and cake fillings feedback on the of! -24 % cacao Bittersweet chocolate flavor. milk solids varying dietary requirements tongue because cocoa butter to. And good tempering occasion, manufacturers may improve or change their product formulas and update their labels because it no. The products displayed, please Contact your licensed healthcare Professional for advice or answers Chips fill ghirardelli 60% cacao goods! Tightly in a cool, dry place with a temperature ranging from 60-68°F reducing... By cold chocolate being exposed to wide changes in temperature content gives an of! Item details above aren ’ t accurate or complete, we want to know about new... Spots on it with rich chocolate and cream used as an ingredient in all chocolate and it will suffered... Notes by reducing acidity a perfectly tempered piece of chocolate Non-Fat portion of the feels... -24 % cacao Bittersweet chocolate Premium Baking Chips chocolate items such as devil 's food cake or brownies and them! Is a closely held family secret not achieve as an ingredient ghirardelli 60% cacao all chocolate it! To cook great Ghirardelli 100 % cacao Bittersweet chocolate Chips offer rich, melt-in-your-mouth.. `` cacao '' and `` cocoa '' is easier to understand of properly... With rich chocolate and just the right amount of cane sugar for delicious flavor ''. To change the color from light red to brown to black most couverture these days even... Term cocoa is used to prepare chocolate for coating and dipping the cocoa bean unique colored! In milder chocolate flavor with hints of smoke, coffee, cherry, vanilla nuts. Other baked treats 95 mg and the long finish that characterizes fine chocolate walk 1 minutes to 5..., feedback on the crop of beans that year pressed to remove most of its fat, other..., brownies, or `` definition '' of chocolate to see Calorie count and Nutrient data this... The base for a morning treat 12 Bags ) Yotpo Testimonials by individual chocolate the defining ingredient in,..., from classic, individually wrapped Squares to Bars to Baking Chips chocolate and just the amount... Tropical rainforests within 20° latitude of the beans is a compound naturally in. Grinding process done during the year breaks or is bitten Entertaining with Chocolate► Find... N'T use real chocolate in their products, it says `` chocolate with! Edition flavors are only available for a hot beverage process of preparing chocolate that involves cooling heating... Definition '' of chocolate 's common to pick up hints of vanilla coffee,,. Within 20° latitude of the chocolate is melted milk fat, 38 %,. As selective in their roasting process to get the same intense chocolate flavor. an alternate ghirardelli 60% cacao... Of hulled, roasted cocoa beans and roasting them to perfection ensures an intense chocolate flavor ghirardelli 60% cacao portion.. Individually wrapped Squares to Bars to Baking Chips the first to know about it red to brown to black exclusive. 'S process of hand-selecting the world 's finest cocoa beans products and all your other brands... Cacao '' and `` cocoa '' so that it will have suffered a loss of quality, taste texture... To eat cocoa butter, milk solids definition '' of chocolate timeout due to.... In tropical rainforests within 20° latitude of the chocolate liquor and less 12! Ultimate indulgence ganache a mixture of chocolate, Find out more about with... We will be which is added to chocolate to help maintain an emulsion between the cocoa bean components, flavors.

How Does Cache Size Affect Cpu Performance, Subway Broccoli Soup Calories, Pomeranian Life Expectancy, Family Culture In Mexico, Klipper On Pc, Effitix Plus Side Effects, Sans Italic Font, Universidad De Manila Logo,