A. Reyes, J. M. Guerrero & A. M. be harvested 7 to 18 months after planting. An unidentified mealybug first appeared on cassava in Africa in the Congo and Zaire in 1973. In this paper, a cellular automata model is developed in order to investigate the control of cassava mealybugs in a cassava field when the wasp Anagyrus lopezi is used as the biological control agent. Control of the mealybug with natural enemies Biological control of cassava and mango mealybugs. This is the effect the cassava mealybug has on the plant resulting in a huge loss of crop due to infested plant crop. According to the FAO , a serious outbreak of mealybug in Thailand in 2009 was overcome rapidly by the release of 3 million pairs of Anagyrus. A basic energy source in the tropics, p. 1-29. Mealybug infestations appear on plants as tiny, soft-bodied insects surrounded by a fuzzy, white mess around the stems and leaf nodes. A. Reyes (eds. Cassava:  Research, Production and Utilization. Inst. The cost of setting up the project is costly especially as it is a longitudinal study so will have a large amount of money spent which will be spent over the years as has to be monitored over the years. (Lema & Herren 1985, Kogan et al. Cassava: Research, Production and Utilization. range, but none were greatly efficient (Boussienguet 1986). fungus Neozygites fumosa in a population of the Although there is many reasons why there was a need for this biological control of the cassava mealybug, but there was also a huge risk of the environment being destroyed for example, if the wasp was not highly specific to the mealybug and caused a different crop to grow out of control this could also affect the natural balance of the environment resulting in and upset of the natural predators food source leading to disruption of habitat and extinction of some insects which will have a large effect on predators higher up the food chain. pests of cassava. been found (Bellotti et al. number: 206095338. This could be the breakthrough that they were looking for and could control the mealybug. Most co -m monly, they remove weeds by hoeing, starting about 15 days after planting, or after emergence if the cassava is planted horizontally. Both cassava success stories are an example of the payoff from … IPM in short term crops. Abstract. This would also have risks as you do not know how the modification will affect all of its predators and could therefore have an effect on them so may cause harm in some way. A. Reyes (eds. Environmental- An environmental implication is that when the wasps are introduced to south America there was a risk that it could have a huge impact on the food chain as by taking away one organism or gaining one can have a knock on effect on others for example of the wasp was then hunted by a predator this could leave its normal pray to multiply therefore having an over population which in turn can then have knock on effects to their pray and so on and so on until extinction of a food source. They attach themselves to the plant and secrete a powdery wax layer (hence the name "mealy" bug) used for protection while they suck the plant juices. The cassava mealybug has a body which is encompassed by short fibers, and secured with a fine covering of wax, it is pinkish in color. The mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, is a leading pest of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), damaging this crop globally. In the early 1970s, mealybug infestations suddenly devastated cassava (in French: ‘manioc’) in the Congo and what is today the Democratic Republic of Congo, around the … The results showed that the wasp was highly specific to the insect (mealybug) so were given the okay to be shipped to Africa so they then can be reared and then the distributed to other areas around Africa. Cassava is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Timely cassava planting to minimize mealybugs. Southeast Asia, but NOT yet in Oceania. Varela. Trop Agric., Ibadan, Nigeria. Ecologists and environmental economists have stressed the value of nature'sservices to was attempted following its recognition as an immigrant species (Cox & The picture on the right shows the small wasp on the mealybug larvae. Although some farmers use insecticide to control whiteflies, spraying is usually ineffective. The mealybug control effort was at scale – massive scale. 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