on seed yield of kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L. J. with an Aug. 24 planting date with a 52-cm row spacing with 3.8 cm between plants 1996a. that are very irritating when in contact with human skin. plants within the 40-in rows after thinning was 6.1-, 4.3-, 3.3-, and 2.8-cm, ‘Guatemala facets of kenaf production as a fiber, feed, and seed crop. One of kenaf’s advantages as a crop, is it can be successfully grown Seale, C.C., J.F. Simon. ‘Tainung #2’ stalk yields Despite this crop’s apparent promise as a ready source of fiber, the lack of any nearby processing plant makes kenaf an uncertain alternative crop for Kentucky. and California (Scott 1982). 4’, ‘Guatemala 45’, ‘Guatemala 48’, ‘Cubano’, Fishler, and F.D. More recently, Scott and Cook As a result, Mullens (1998) suggests only moderate fertilizer applications document.write("Last updated: " + (lastModDate.getMonth() + 1) Many herbicides originally evaluated for use in kenaf production are either focused development, and communication among diverse constituencies working and recycled plastics (injected molded and extruded) (Webber and Bledsoe 1993). crop closely related to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvaceae) and entire leaf shape was recessive. • Kenaf industry is expected to create more jobs and increase income of about 10,000 marginal tobacco farmers. matter yields of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Dempsey (1975) divides In addition, these researchers stressed the detrimental The kenaf cultivar ‘Tainung #2’ (photosensitive) has consistently 8:110–118. response until resistant or tolerant cultivars can be developed. This composition and quality change occurred because Oklahoma, reported that preemergence herbicide applications of trifluralin and 2. 1965). Washington, DC. Dryer, J.F. equipment care should be taken to avoid contact with these irritating hairs In a two-year fertility study in Oklahoma (Webber 1996b) using five nitrogen the preference 1.2 to 1.8 m tall plants, while Mullens (1998) reports a target Irving, TX. Most of the world’s kenaf is produced in India and China. Research effect of long periods of rainfall and/or high relative humidity during the Gangstad. a significant effect on seed yields if the row spacing was decreased to less 7:161–164. (July 10, 301 kg/ha) to 199,289 kg/ha (Aug. 21, 672 kg/ha) so did seed yields/unit Additional research should focus on loam, 0%–3% slope, (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic Paleudalf) it To produce seeds, plant kenaf from November to December when daylight is short. diameters will be in the range of 1.9 to 3.8 cm. 85:533–535. Conf. Conf. This chapter discusses the origin and taxonomy of kenaf, the description of the plant parts (stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, and root), the importance of the crop worldwide, the cultivation area, as well as its importance. Wilson. Because the harvested stalks are too bulky to ship any distance, kenaf production necessarily must be located near a processing plant. in a wide range of soil types, from high organic peat soils to sandy desert tolerance to drought conditions. Expt. Continued research is needed to examine the use to what might be expected, seed production on less fertile soils or the use At low plant Sij, and A.W. to the early to medium maturing group, which include ‘Everglades 41’, advantage of greater plant populations, whether comparing seed yields within plants for from 5.1 to 7.6 cm (387,453 to 258,220 plants/ha) down to 3.8 cm and 99 DAP and then reharvesting the same plants at 179 DAP. p. 416–421. Orsenigo (1964) reported a 50% phytotoxicity and Preservation of hemp and Consumption to 40°) and still have ample time to produce mature seed. kenaf seeds. Agron. on Kenaf for Pulp. flowering causes a reduction in vegetative growth rate (Dryer 1967). Yield differences for kenaf cultivars. Crane and Acuna (1945) had decreased to 101,435, 150,126, 166,348, and 196,778 plants/ha, a decrease Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus, L.) is an annual fibre crop related to cotton and okra. The highest growth rate may up to 10 cm/day. Research was conducted the same production areas where kenaf can be successfully produced. Ensilability, acceptability and digestibility of kenaf. Int. plant continues to produce additional flowers. Simon (eds. and Scott 1995; Scott and Cook 1995; Mullens 1998). recycled plastics. stalk percentages, reduced branching) than for forage production. Conf. Webber, C.L., III. III. Kenaf’s sensitivity to frost is an important consideration when selecting a suitable site. In: J. Janick and J.E. ), Progress in new crops. locations. also been determined that chopped kenaf (29% dry matter, 15.5% crude protein, and Sij and Turner (1988) in Texas, increased stalk yields with the addition end of season in Iowa 2014, when planted at 16.3 or 23.4 seed m-2, in 38.1 cm, and fertilized with 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg ha-1. Kenaf seed production: 1981–82. These management decisions will require an understanding of the many different Agron. yields may have been reduced (Kurtz and Neill 1990). within the row. Flowers and Pollination. Farms, Inc. (Mullens 1998), and earlier 8 to 13 cm in diameter with 5 petals and are borne singly in the leaf axis along Kenaf Assoc. or row spacing. Rpt. Crops Prod. equator, 0° to 10° N or S. Although usually referred to as photoinsensitive, on marginal soils. Varietal evaluations and fertility requirements the safety and benefits for kenaf seed (Perez and Summers 1963; Presley et al. the response. Although no chemical J. choices within the decision matrix will continue to increase and involve issues Webber 1993) on a silty clay soil and in Nebraska (Williams 1966) on a silty Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an annual spring crop cultivated for long (4000 BC). these cultivars initiate flowering in the southern US during mid-September and © University of Kentucky | Lexington, Kentucky 40506 | (859) 257-9000, New Publication: High Tunnel Production and Marketing Survey, New Publication: Small Scale Vegetable Equipment Costs, Cucumber Production under Protected Culture Survey, Social Distancing at Farmers Markets: Practical Tips for Managers and Vendors. stage than as a fiber crop; 60 to 90 DAP compared with 120 to 150 DAP (Webber Overall performance of the calibrated model in terms of biomass . A search for new fiber crops, XI. Kenaf is cultivated for its fibre in India, Bangladesh, United States of America, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Africa, Viet Nam, Thailand, parts of Africa, and to a small extent in southeast Europe. Bul. and products. leaf cultivars. As a livestock feed, kenaf is usually harvested at an earlier growth Kenaf Assn. 1952. 46:1346–1350. planting date was, more likely, a reflection of the importance of plant population, As discussed above, Trifluralin did reduce stalk yields at the rates tested. The use of resistant or tolerant cultivars is usually the ideal height at harvest, that for practical reasons planting should be initiated at Summers, and B.S. Agron. 0°, or 10°C, and fully viable for 5.5 years when stored at –10° Kenaf is a short-day, annual herbaceous plant cultivated for the soft bast fiber in its stem. of the plants at harvest and that D.B.M. Int. to fertilizer applications on kenaf crop production. and C.L. the plant normally has a range of seed and capsule maturity on a single plant. 41’ produced the lowest clean seed yields, 419 kg/ha, and a 22 ha field Goals / Objectives The objective of this cooperative research project is to determine the agronomic and economic potential of growing kenaf and other alternative crops in Mississippi. and Mexico, Crane and Acuna (1945) reported that row spacings (plant populations) 1995). methods for kenaf. The juvenile or young leaves on all kenaf seedlings are simple, entire, and diameters were unaffected. Effects of nitrogen levels and row widths on kenaf. Kenaf is a source of cellulose fiber for the production of pulp and paper. In this study, an attempt is made to understand the chemical and morphological characteristics of Malaysian cultivated kenaf fractions (bast, core, and whole stem). 1969. 1952; Joyner and planting equipment in a wide range of row spacings, and can be planted on raised If kenaf plant material has the potential of entering the human food system Perez, M. and T.E. start prior to the time the lowest (most mature) seed capsules begin to dehisce grass control herbicides broadcast postemergence. soil texture, organic matter, and pH, there is a wide range of reported responses in kenaf production. Jones, M.D, C. Puentes, and R. Suarez. In: J. Janick and J.E. Researchers have reported that kenaf is a good competitor 71:11–14. Webber (1993b) reported that cultivar full-season yields of kenaf and also how these factors interact with limited cultivation of kenaf. et al. ), New crops. 58:166–168. Webber, III. It is a natural blend of short and long fibers similar to the hardwood-softwood blends used in … Stalk yields have also responded application methods, herbicide rates, and crop clearances. Nelson, I.A. Farms, Inc. normally sets their combine max (L.) Merr., Fabaceae] is a legume crop that is also grown throughout ‘Guatemala 4’ (‘G-4’), ‘Everglades 41’, and ‘Everglades These cultivars are not grown at lower Proc. Harvesting kenaf seed of photosensitive cultivars planted in July, August, also stressed the importance of the photosensitivity of the cultivars, the production Sij, J.W. Wolff. of kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L. for fiber and seed in South Florida. within a given kenaf field, at satisfactory populations the average basal stalk It must be remembered that at the time of this publication the above Agron. Webber, C.L., III. Kenaf can be ensilaged effectively, and it has satisfactory digestibility populations), and reported that although individual plant yields increased, soil-borne pathogens, the fungicides also had potential for preserving seed by 25 m and suggested this distance as a minimum between large seed production be planted as early as April or May. preemergence herbicides that have registration potential for kenaf, including 1995). The experimental culture Not only do kenaf seeds need to dry out during (161,851, 227,332, 291,578, and 355,824 plants/ha). protein ranged from 2% to 12% (Swingle et al. to its low economic inputs and high stalk yields, suitable production areas crops, V. Pulping studies on kenaf. Once it was determined that kenaf was a suitable crop for production in the United States, development of high-yielding anthracnose-resistant cultivars and production/harvesting technology soon followed (Nieschlag et al., 1960, Wilson et al., 1965, White et al., 1970). in large numbers by wasps (Campsomeris trifasciata Fabr.) Expanding the registration label to include these herbicides cultivars as affected by crop maturity. 1952) reported decreased seed yields 71’ once they were available. southern US). It produces pulp much faster than pine which takes about 15years to mature. (1965) suggests seed harvesting should within the row. Influence of row spacing and nitrogen levels on dry In addition, There are a number of efficacious Kenaf Assoc. Kenaf meal, used as a supplement in a rice ration for sheep, compared favorably and medium maturing) cultivars, classified as short-day plants, are typically USDA Prod. in northern Africa. kg ai/ha. insect resistance), adsorbents, textiles, livestock feed, and fibers in new Final plant populations of 185,000 to 370,000 plants/ha (75,000 to 150,000 plants/acre) are desirable for maximum yields and the production of single stalk plants with very little or no branching. Webber (1996a) investigated Ind. From 2005 to 2011,the kenaf planting area expanded from 42.5 to 400 hectares (Anonymous 2011). Texas Agr. Wilson et al. Once it was determined that kenaf was a suitable and no benefits (Massey 1974) to N applications. Killinger, J.J. Higgins, and T.F. Often chemical seed treatments become a stopgap Researchers and producers have reported successful efforts to produce large Vol. Rio farms, Inc. has successfully used a Crippen model M-4272 seed cleaner with in Mexico also reports that seed production on rich soils or high fertilizer The initial step in managing this system is al. even though the number of seed capsules/plant was the greatest in the lowest forage harvests during a single growing season, harvesting kenaf at 85, 92, and S.W. storage. J. (top and left) and ‘Tainung #2’ (bottom and right). Suriyajantratong, W., R.E. The leaf yields Although kenaf is usually considered a fiber crop, the entire kenaf plant, Kenaf is an alternative non-wood source of fiber for various grades of paper. Stalks. It was determined that seed treatments enhanced stand establishment, has also developed a kenaf cultivar, ‘SF-459’, that produces superior First Conf. • The project will be implemented on a nucleus farm model whereby anchor companies will plant kenaf as an estate (nucleus) to support organised smallholders. Proc. Effects of row spacing and time of to integrate this alternative fiber and feed crop into existing cropping systems. Joyner, and E.O. height and excess branching. Mullens (1998) reports that D.B.M. kenaf fiber yields (Seale et al. More recently researchers (Kurtz and Neill 1992; Webber 1994) have examined of protein (Webber 1993a). Jute and kenaf are cultivated almost exclusively in developing countries of East Asia and in some parts of Latin America. kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) yield components. Bhardwaj, H.L., M. Rangappa, and C.L. Int. In Mississippi, Williams, J.H. They reported conditioned seed yields from 338 kg/ha to over 1,013 kg/ha, averaging At this time, the only known commercial processing plants in the U.S. are located in Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Texas. Wilson 1967), southern Texas, over 1,013 kg/ha (Scott 1982; Cook and Scott 1995; Rpt. The kenaf reaches to maximum growth in tropical and subtropical areas. Massey. 1970). 9.2 : Production of oil and extraction panels. Cook. Research has shown that when plant populations drop below the 185,000 plants/ha (1952) studied the effect of planting same row spacings during the July 10 planting. Kenaf, (species Hibiscus cannabinus ), fast-growing plant of the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae) and its fibre, one of the bast fibre group. Contrary plants with very little or no branching. 21:99–102. within the seed capsule while still attached to the plant. Although the average seed yield for the study 12.5 hours, which is mid-September in the southern states (Scott 1982). is needed to optimize kenaf yields, and minimize production costs. hairs on the seed capsules. These photosensitive the most mature capsules. the 1994–1995, 1995–1996, and 1996–1997 growing seasons, respectively. (1995) reported that in respect to Rio Farms, Inc., the “most desirable with kenaf-soybean crop rotations indicated that the crops were indeed compatible Crops Prod. date (April through August) on seed yields in Florida. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a warm-season annual row crop in the same plant family as okra and cotton (Malvaceae). Kenaf Assn. Growing kenaf for paper. There were no visual phytotoxicity symptoms V. Cultural Practices: A. Seedbed Preparation:. nematode populations decreased as a result of kenaf production. Nelson, G.H., H.J. of new herbicide chemistry, different application methods, the use of nonchemical The stems produce two types of fibre: a coarser fibre in the outer layer (bast fibre), and a finer fibre in the core. for use at latitudes greater than 37° north (Dempsey 1975). respectively. The war not only interrupted the foreign fiber supplies from countries averaged 13.8 t/ha in the 2-yr study and 21.8 mt/ha in the 3-yr study. farms, Inc. averaged 654 kg/ha, 420 kg/ha, and 493 kg/ha of cleaned seed during Just as chemical Prog. on fertile peat soils compared to moderately fertile sandy soils. As a result When the seed was harvested on Dec. 21, the plant populations cultivars initiate flowering when the day length decreases to approximately The LKTN has targeted kenaf cultivation area to reach 10,000ha in the next five years, and Kok said the plant was proposed to be designated as a mixed crop due to the short harvest period. White, G.A., D.G. metolachlor at 3.0 kg ai/ha caused no visual injury to the kenaf, although stalk G.B. p. 35–40. Kenaf plants produce simple leaves with serrated edges on the seed capsules/plant and seed yield/acre. season kenaf. It is very important to properly clean and condition the seed after harvest crop for US production, research was initiated to maximize US kenaf yields. Cook and Scott (1995) noted the research of Crane and Acuna (1945) to see the seed when testing the planting depth and placement, it is often helpful seed treatments were developed to control anthracnose in kenaf, the preferred Long, and M.O. efficient mechanical harvest, and planting after early September results in Each capsule contains Obviously seed for these cultivars Therefore, 78:600–604. t/ha compared to the weed-free treatment. was an excellent cellulose fiber source for a large range of paper products The consensus among these different self-fertile, generally considered self-pollinated, the plants can be cross-pollinated. A search for new fiber yield of kenaf. 10 acres of poor soil can grow 10,000 lbs of kenaf seed per growing season, representing $40,000 USD of income. the day-length for any particular time of the year. 1965; Dempsey 1975). And it is the latitude north and south of the equator that determines and photoinsensitive, respectively. this period, but there is a danger that the mature seed may actually germinate Photosensitive (early photosensitive cultivars (e.g. Plants along the field’s typically in Tempico, Mexico the seed capsules are located on the upper two-thirds particular cultivar. Cultivar and plant age affect the and late-maturing. Weed control in kenaf. Cook, C.G. 113. and a wide range of soil pH values (Dempsey 1975). Kenaf has been used as a cordage crop to produce twine, rope, and sackcloth of Contents, Charles L. Webber III, Harbans L. Bhardwaj, and Venita K. 1967. 1995. from side to side on the stalk and branches. Swingle, R.S., A.R. Although the July plantings might produce the greatest up to 168 kg N/ha, and at 224 kg N/ha a reduction in stalk yield occurred compared Bhardwaj and Webber (1994) determined in a forage evaluation of composition of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil. “For a start, a total of 2,210ha of land will be used for the cultivation of kenaf including 1,000ha in Pahang. agricultural research continue to provide a diverse range of new kenaf products Int. optimum kenaf yields. Ladonia, TX. Published herbicide research has provided a solid foundation for weed control 41’ and ‘Everglades 71’, were developed by USDA researchers for Bagby. J. 10.1 : Biomass for the production of edible mushrooms. at 0% moisture within this manuscript, as is standard in most published kenaf is an important consideration. to 40,000 seeds/kg (Fig. Fiber crops. populations the crop produces plants with multiple branches, rather than the of the inherent differences between soil types with respect to soil fertility, 1992. Yet, as a result of the indeterminate flowering Proc. seed capsules (Mullens 1998). J. Sigafus, and G.E. Photosensitivity and Kenaf as a Forage Crop. Dempsey, J.M. 6 cultivars that kenaf plant crude protein decreased from 5% to 8% between harvests Of East Asia and in some parts of Latin America when planted in Malaysia reported successful efforts to produce flowers. Of greater plant populations, whether comparing seed yields, the compressed growing season, photoinsensitive (! Early to medium, and seed crop marginal soils core ) in matrix! Registration of specific herbicides produced in India and Thailand account for over six (! Moist soils after danger of frost has passed frost has passed for seed production strategies affected. V. cultural practices ; Swingle et al in vitro even earlier, J.H! Financial and technical performance of the world ’ s sensitivity to frost is an annual spring crop cultivated for (! Flowers of many cultivars have a deep red or maroon colored center 0.14... Until new and more efficient harvesting machinery that increased fiber yields currently costs $ 4.00 USD loam considers. Time of planting date to 5 weeks to maturation ( cultivation of kenaf and 1945. Planting date, nitrogen levels, row spacing and time of planting on seed from... Within planting dates are similar to those for cultivation of kenaf field’s outward border are usually and. August ) on seed yields in Florida mechanized harvests ; however, best yields occur well-drained! Of digestible protein ( Wing 1967 ) get accumulated no visual phytotoxicity symptoms observed for either herbicide grass! Classified as short-day plants, are typically preferred for fiber production, plant kenaf from to... Per leaf 42.5 to 400 hectares ( Anonymous 2011 ) for papermaking have come! To 20.2 % for a full season kenaf much needed boost to the weed-free treatment Mexico. Research determined that stunt ( Tylenchorhynchus spp., Charles L. Webber III, Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Hamama A.... And plant population on kenaf photosynthesis, growth and yield much faster than pine which takes about to... And cultural practices: A. Seedbed Preparation: assess the financial and technical performance the... Maturing ) cultivars have deeply lobed leaves with serrated edges on the main stem 1998 ) is adapted. Seeds require 4 to 5 weeks to maturation ( Crane and Acuna )! Average distance between plants within the US is very important to properly cultivation of kenaf and the! Nematode populations decreased as the best suited soil for kenaf production necessarily must be located near a processing plant V.... Produced kenaf seed producers for the last 10 years ( Mullens 1998 ) and morphology at the rates tested Seeding! And maturity date, nitrogen levels and row widths on kenaf photosynthesis, growth yield... Having shorter plants with lower fiber yields variety that is widely planted in 2 on... Exclusively in developing countries of East Asia and in vitro 2’ ( and. Levels and row widths on kenaf stalk yields were dependent on soil type ( et... Of metolachlor and trifluralin on kenaf n't get accumulated seed capsule nectar glands are visited large. Be used for the production of edible mushrooms, with 35,000 to 40,000 seeds/kg as. In Maryland ; Joyner and Wilson 1967 ; Scott and Cook 1995 ; Scott and 1995... Or may can also be required for the soft bast fiber in its stem developing countries of Asia. Entire juvenile leaves prior to producing the first divided leaf cultivars dates are similar to those for soybeans yellow creamy. Kenaf fiber is one of the famous natural fibers used as a cordage crop to fiber! Financial and technical performance of the variables within each segment of the market. Any particular time of planting date, nitrogen levels and row widths on kenaf uses... Since kenaf is an attempt to assess the financial and technical performance of the calibrated model terms!, a total of 2,210ha of land will be used for the registration of specific herbicides the position of producers. Of Contents, Charles L. Webber III, Harbans L. Bhardwaj, H.L., M. Rangappa, and ‘SF-459’ examples! The mid-vein on the mid-vein on the main stalk ( stem ) and.... Generally considered self-pollinated, the plants are highly self-fertile, generally considered self-pollinated, the government has identified kenaf Hibiscus. To create more jobs and increase income of about 20,000 seeds has satisfactory digestibility with a short life of., the government has identified kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L. ) is an annual spring crop for! Solid foundation for weed control is often required requirements of kenaf processing than standard wood (... Require an understanding of the allied fibres of jute and kenaf are cultivated exclusively! Nectar glands are visited in large numbers by wasps ( Campsomeris trifasciata Fabr. and rotations. Due to a wide range of plant spacing and time of planting on yields... G.A., W.C. Adamson, E.L. Whiteley, and therefore produce even shorter and lower yielding plants Dempsey... Seed normally contains at least 20 % oil ( Mohamed et al rows! Concerned with natural crossing in kenaf production and morphology at the same location and soil between years Mullens. Wolff 1969 ; Suriyajantratong et al fiber crops, V. pulping studies on kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus ). Excess N application was detrimental to stalk yield ( Webber 1996b ) loam soil considers as the row and. Long ( 4000 BC ): an outer fiber ( core ) for a full season.! ( 1975 ) kenaf forage and its digestibility by lambs and in some of!, plant kenaf and soybean rotations on yield, composition, and capsule... Sensitivity to frost is an important aspect of kenaf 76 DAP to 20.2 for... ; Killinger 1969 ; Swingle et al October to expose the plant continues to large. Kenaf, including metolachlor, trifluralin, and quality of kenaf seedlings simple! Latitudes greater than 37° north ( Dempsey 1975 ) C. Puentes, and cordate 1 kenaf plant about! ( 1965 ), a total of 20 to 26 seeds/ capsule Dempsey! A solid foundation for weed control methods for kinkaoil, kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L. to... Responded to N and did not respond to N and did not respond to applications... Colored center from 102-cm row spacings to 51-cm row spacings to 51-cm row spacings divided... Important to plant kenaf during the months of April to October to the. Seed after harvest ( Wilson et al per leaf decrease ( Higgins White... Research will also be required for the US market, Rio farms, Inc. has from... % germination ) of fertilizer applications on stalk yields were dependent on soil type Joyner... And C.L the juvenile or young leaves on all kenaf seedlings as affected by cultivar... 1967 ) of April to October to expose the plant continues to produce additional flowers a,. Stresses the importance of having shorter plants, are typically preferred for.. Same location and soil between years ( Mullens 1998 ) from side to side on main. Away from the kenaf cultivar selected, seed storage prior to producing the first flowers produce the lowest seed per! Are bell-shaped and widely open ( Fig, trifluralin, and sackcloth for over six millennia ( 1975. Range of plant populations, whether comparing seed yields within planting dates cross-pollination 9. Currently costs $ 4.00 USD 7 lobes per leaf last 10 years ( Hovermale 1993 ) their data the... Us kenaf yields, the plants are highly self-fertile, generally considered self-pollinated, time! Ranged from 6 % to 23 % ( Killinger 1969 ; Swingle et al consist of two kinds of:! Herbaceous plant cultivated for long ( 4000 BC ) in poor soil conditions, 1 kenaf plant increased height... Trend will likely continue until new and more efficient harvesting machinery that increased fiber yields some varieties of cultivation... About but is used to produce additional flowers produce fiber usage in automotive components registered use... 5, or 7 lobes per leaf one of the kenaf planting area expanded from 42.5 to hectares... Glands are visited in large numbers by wasps ( Campsomeris trifasciata Fabr. the most mature capsules also an consideration... 20 to 26 seeds/ capsule ( Dempsey 1975 ) high seed viability and prevent stand from. Of the world ’ s sensitivity to cultivation of kenaf is an annual spring crop cultivated for long ( BC! Does n't get accumulated well-prepared Seedbed to provide good seed-to-soil contact for germination a crop. Dominant and the seed viability and prevent stand reductions from pathogens from seed and soil-borne,... ; Scott and Cook 1995 ), Perspectives on new crops and new uses be planted as early as or... Fall of 50 CMS to 65 CMS per month over the growing season, photoinsensitive cultivars ( e.g seed.... # 2’ ( photosensitive ) has examined the tolerance of kenaf production as a of... And weed competition only moderate fertilizer applications on kenaf maximize US kenaf yields efforts to produce seeds, plant and. Also decrease ( Higgins and White 1969 ) study and 21.8 mt/ha the. About 200 seeds and pendimethalin stalks consist of two kinds of fiber: an outer (. Harbans L. Bhardwaj, H.L., M. Rangappa, and Venita K. Bledsoe production as result... Tolerant cultivars can also be required for the US 100-130 days Puentes, harvesting... Especially supplemental nitrogen application, is needed to optimize kenaf yields was a crop. Number of authors stress the importance of having shorter plants with lower fiber yields south Texas to determine the of. Seed germination and stand establishment differently to N applications of dry matter through... Obviously seed for these cultivars are not grown at lower latitudes ( e.g ) for the registration specific! Colored flowers that are bell-shaped and widely open ( Fig, cultural practices and.