Attract investors with the same focus on "Successful Businesses Using Kenaf". Pollution from on site agriculture practices include erosion of valuable soil, tilling releasing stored CO2 in soils, fuel used on site and CO2 released into our atmosphere, use of toxic chemicals that get into our waterways, food, bodies and environment. Providing information about successful farming practices that reduce input costs, increase yields, reduce pollution, improve health and profit. - Tensile strength of the kenaf fibre composite. Keyline plowing on contour to handle erosion, flood control as well as store water in their fields during drought, instead of expensive drain tiles and ditch systems. Fig. However, moisture absorption can have some secondary benefits, such as reducing static electricity in the final plastic object. The farming industry supports other industries and plays a key role in the economics of their local communities and the communities that provide the things they need to do business. A composite made from 100% carbon fibre was served for a comparison purpose. Kenaf core binder less fiberboard was prepared in previous study by Xu et al. "Best Practices" taught in our universities, promoted by vested interests and practiced by most farmers are the cause of these pollutions. Our solutions at Kenaf Partners USA Headquarters are to address this strategically, connecting the players who can work out the details of doing business with each other. Livestock farming is also dependent upon corn and soy and their waste practices contribute to pollution in various ways. This is your place to learn, share and connect with others in this new industry. Kenaf fibers (core and bast) have been used to make biocomposites for the building industry, car componens, t furniture, and food packaging (Saraswati and Mahanum 2008). The fruit is a capsule The results also showed that the optimum fibre content for achieving highest tensile strength for both bast and core fibre composites was 20%wt. The use of hemp for fiber production has declined sharply over the last two centuries, but before the industrial revolution, hemp was a popular fiber because it is strong and grows quickly; it produces roughly 10% more fiber than cotton or flax, when grown on the same land. Regenerative options are things like woody perrenial poly crops, food forests, silvopasture, agroforestry and others. The leaves are 10–15 cm long, variable in shape, with leaves near the base of the stems being deeply lobed with 3-7 lobes, while leaves near the top of the stem are shallowly lobed or unlobed lanceolate. Special forms (on this web site) are available for you to share your knowledge and experience and make connections. What you have learned (good or bad) we consider valuable and by sharing it, a regenerative community of Kenaf Partners will benefit each of us. The core fiber The effect of the mechanical strength of the hybrid composties is investigated. It can be cultivated by planting either Kenaf Seeds or the Kenaf itself on farmland. The effects of carbon fibre hybridisation on the thermal properties of woven kenaf-reinforced epoxy composites were studied. Cover crops and no till or little till towards "Regeneration". With this in mind I hope we find a way to work together and share our talents, resources and knowledge in a way that benefits each other and we become a "Regenerative Sharing Community". To establish the most suitable molding conditions, mechanical properties of heat-treated kenaf fibers were examined. How does one get started in the kenaf industry for their particular needs and wants? In this study, three different nanosilica loadings, i.e., 5, 13 and 25 wt %, and untreated kenaf fiber yarns were used. Vested interests have interfered with alternative choices based on profit and potential competition. Discover what kenaf varieties grow and produce viable and sufficient seed to meet our corn, soy and cotton farmers needs. Flax is grown both for its seeds and for its fibers.  Flax fiber is extracted from the bast or skin of the stem of the flax plant.  Flax fiber is soft, lustrous and flexible; bundles of fiber have the appearance of blonde hair, hence the description “flaxen”.  Flax is harvested for fiber production after approximately 100 days or a month after the plant flowers and two weeks after the seed capsules form.  There are two ways to harvest flax, mechanized equipment (combines), and a second method, more manual and targeted towards maximizing the fiber length. 39% of the US (not Alaska) 1.9 billion acres are agricultural land. Kenaf grows on various types of soil but is best grown during the rainy season for good yields. Some of these options take several years to see a return on their investments that farmers cannot afford. The water retting method produces finer fibres between 3.2 to 3.7 Tex while other methods produces fibres between 4.0 to 5.0 Tex. This barely scratches the surface of kenaf fiber uses. Shapeless Crafting Kenaf Seed (1 Kenaf) String (3 Kenaf produces 2 String) Kenaf fiber had been explored to enhance desired mechanical properties as automotive structural components. The inner two fibers of hemp are woodier and are more often used in non-woven items and other industrial applications.  The fiber is the most valuable part of the hemp plant.  It is commonly called bast, which refers to the fibers that grow on the outside of the woody interior of the plant’s stalk, and under the outer most part (the bark).   Hemp fibers can be between approximately 3 – 15 feet long, running the length of the plant.  Depending on the processing used to remove the fiber from the stem, the hemp may naturally be creamy white, brown, gray, black, or green. While we grow enough kenaf seed to make available for our farmers to start using kenaf as a rotational cash crop, kenaf fiber growing operations can begin and start supplying USA processors and manufacturers with the quantity and quality of kenaf fibers and wood they need. You are not alone and it will take a team of partners to help you get started and keep your business growing! The Mississippi Watershed includes 37 states and 2 Canadian Provinces. First we need the seed supply grown in the USA to handle the demand now and in the future. 91.7 million acres in corn, 80 million acres in soy, 13.7 million acres in cotton and 800 million acres for animal feed and grazing. We would need the seeds first to makes this happen. It is the ideal scene that we want to work towards and take actions over time based on results. In general, the mechanical properties of kenaf fiber are deteriorated after the moisture penetrates into the composite. A3 Preparation and Properties of Kenaf Bast Fiber Filled Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Composites In 2020 we have an additional 16 new varieties to test, 16 in our northern latitudes. Without a sufficient supply of viable and affordable seed, the rest becomes a mute point. International trade agreements now and in the future affect supply and demand for our farmers' products, affect market prices and farmer profit, outside the control of our farmers. If you want to make major changes, change how you see things. The same answer to that question could also be the same for the question "What do we need to do, to make it happen"? The industrial terms for jute fiber are raw jute.  The fibers are off-white to brown, and are 3-12 feet long.  The suitable climate for growing jute (warm and wet climate) is offered by the monsoon climate during the monsoon season.  Temperatures 68 -104 degrees and relative humidity of 70-80% are favorable for successful cultivation. Relationship between tensile properties of kenaf fibers and distance from ground. This is a sequence of transition from the existing scene towards the ideal scenes, that most corn, soy and cotton farmers, could and would take action on over time. It is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant (rarely a short-lived perennial) growing to 1.5-3.5 m tall with a woody base. (2006) and kenaf fiber polypropylene was made by Sanadi et al. The objective of this work is to develop and characterize a high-performance lightweight kenaf fiber composite that is processed using unconventional processing methods, wet laid process followed with compression molding process. Out of that 1.9 billion acres 3.6% Urban (68 million acres), 20% Cropland (380 million acres), 41% Animal Feed and Grazing (779 million acres) and 36% Forested (684 million acres). In 2019 we tested 19 varieties and found 4 varieties to further test in 2020 in central states. (2002). The kenaf stem is divided into two separate parts, the bark or bast containing relatively long fibres and the stem containing short fibres, called the core. qualities and fiber properties. wool, cotton, alpaca, flax etc.. The tensile strength of kenaf fibers decreased at 200 °C. In this study, it was tried to identify the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf MDF using urea formaldehyde as … We learn best by doing and observing along the way and make adjustments and  improvements. Long kenaf fibers (bast) have potential for reinforcing polymers, due to their high strength properties (Aji et al. These individual bast fibers, held together by lignin, are the building blocks of the bark fiber strands, which historically were used to make the cordage products. 4043–4052 10.1002/app.27441 Crossref Google Scholar What I have discovered is kenaf has the potential of improving conditions in each of these areas. Agriculture pollution is the largest polluting industry in the USA taking onsite pollution into consideration. that drove my hunger to find an entry point or "common denominator" that made sense and could have a beneficial outcome in each of these areas. We are here to provide you with what we know to help make decisions and make connections. The ratio of the core to bast is 65:35% of the whole stem weight. Selecting the right seed, connecting with buyers, sellers, investors, farmers, processors, manufacturers and entrepreneurs and the sharing of information for decision making and more, is available now with more to come. We could launch a thriving kenaf industry in the US, but what could possibly prevent this from occurring? Statistics Affecting and Related to our Largest Watershed. The properties evaluated in this study including the absorption … The bark of the kenaf stalk contains the long fiber strands that are composed of many individual smaller fibers, normally called bast fibers. Solutions For The Kenaf Industry Our solutions at Kenaf Partners USA Headquarters are to address this strategically, connecting the players who can work out the details of doing business with each other. The kenaf fibres were processed through water retting, chemical retting and mechanical extractions. Polypropylene/kenaf fiber composites were fabricated by hot press method. (ii) To investigate mechanical properties of kenaf fibre composite. As a result I have looked into various aspects of this topic and found important statistics that I could not overlook. After the fibers has been extracted and separated, Kenaf powder was processed from the inner fiber (core) of the Kenaf stalk. Of the 506 potential species selected from the world'splant kingdom, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and a few others appeared immediately promising. The flowers are 8–15 cm diameter, white, yellow, or purple; when white or yellow, the centre is still dark purple. These 6 recommended steps (covered on our kenaf and soil page) can be taken, lowering input costs, increasing yield and profit while they continue to grow corn, soy and cotton. Kenaf is no newcomer to the In 2018 that worked out to be 899 million acres. 6, pp. This approximately 1/3 of total acres currently growing corn, soy and cotton. The aim of this research was to obtain the optimum tensile properties and deflection temperature with the variation of kenaf fiber fractions. BAST FIBERS: JUTE / HEMP / FLAX / KENAF Natural fibers have intrinsic properties – mechanical strength, low weight and low cost, that has made them particularly attractive to the automobile industry. Agriculture in the USA is the largest industry in the USA by 20 times the next largest industry. Kenaf fiber mats Food and medicinal uses: Kenaf fruits have significant medicinal properties. Monotonic (tensile and compression) properties of woven kenaf/glass reinforced unsaturated polyester sandwich hybrid composites have been experimentally investigated. Woven kenaf hybrid composites of different weave designs of plain and satin and fabric counts of and were manually prepared by a vacuum infusion technique. Kenaf Fibers and Composites covers the breadth of these exciting materials, from raw material preparation to application in a variety of products. Polypropylene and Sumberejo kenaf fibers were used respectively as the matrix and reinforcement. Options offered to farmers in most cases are too costly for farmers to take advantage of out of pocket, and loans from conventional institutions are not made available for these options. Kenaf fiber has the potential to replace synthetic fibers due to its low density, medium range tensile strength and stiffness, and extremely low cost of raw materials [12]. Licenses for hemp cultivation are issued in the European Union, Canada, in all states of Australia and nine states in the U.S.  The world-leading producer of hemp is China, with smaller production in Europe, Chile and North Korea.  Over 30 countries produce industrial hemp, including Austria, Great Britain, France, Russia and Spain.  France is Europe’s biggest producer.  Uruguay has also approved a project of hemp production as of the second half of 2010. Our current estimate is we will need 600,000 acres of seed growing operations in the USA,  to provide enough seed for 55 million acres. Kenaf and some close relatives are native to East Central Africa and can still be found in the wild in Tanzania and neighboring countries. 17 H. Anuar, S. H. Ahmad, R. Rasid, A. Ahmad, W. N. Wan Busu: Mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical analysis of thermoplastic-natural-rubber-reinforced short carbon fiber and kenaf fiber hybrid composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 107 (2008), No. KENAF PROPERTIES, PROCESSING AND PRODUCTS 383 in the fiber, but with some increase in the cost of the fiber. The bast fiber can be compared to softwood, which is a high quality fiber typically used for commercial paper production. Natural fibers such as hemp, jute, sisal, and kenaf are lighter, low-cost materials with highly specific mechanical properties that can reduce the density of a composite by 10 to 15% compared with glass fiber; additionally, natural fibers are compatible with the most commonly used polymers including polyester, epoxy, and vinyl-ester (Jawaid and Abdul Khalil 2011). Utilizing all of these successful actions where and when appropriate would be the ideal scene. In 1945 the US with 5% of the world population was producing 45% of the worlds consumable goods from this watershed. It was also observed that the elongation at break for both composites decreased as the fibre content increased. These 4 will be tested for viable germination rates and seed yield. Corn, soy,cotton farmers and ranchers are struggling to survive and many have no idea of what would make sense in terms of other choices. Looking ahead we know we will need equipment and infrastructure for all our operations in each state. In particular, its fruit have helped lowering blood pressure by helping increase nitric oxide and reducing oxidized lipids in the blood. It has … Kenaf fiber uses in the paper product industry. Don Campbell. No information is available on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf fiber/plastic-fiber composite panels made from the air-formed non-woven mats, and the melt-blend extruded technology. We are currently discovering what seed varieties of kenaf will produce seed in each state. Sustainability options could be as simple as proper plant spacing causing less stress on the plants they currently grow, thus lowering input costs of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Abstract. Our strategy is with interested parties ready to get involved with the kenaf industry and provide information, an interactive blog to make connections to others, bring kenaf into the spotlight and help farmers and our land flourish and prosper. Fibers are collected from the skin or bast surrounding the stem of their respective plant.  These fibers have higher tensile strength than other fibers.  Some examples are jute, hemp, flax, kenaf as follows: Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers and is second only to cotton in the amount produced and variety of uses.  Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose (major component of plant fiber) and lignin (major components of wood fiber).  It is thus a lingo-cellulosic fiber that is partially a textile fiber and partially wood. The fineness and morphology of kenaf fibres are the main focus of this paper. By introducing these things and making kenaf seed available and grown in the USA, the farmer can start eliminating pollution on site and help restore the Mississippi Watershed while improving the quality of their own life and the lives of others in their community. sorption capacity and other properties of kenaf-based sorbent materials. Akhtar et al. Kenaf can be obtained naturally from Tropical Gardens. Transportation   Office Systems   About   News   Downloads   FAQ’s   Contact, Proudly powered by WordPress KENAF (Hibiscus Cannabinus), also known as: The fiber in Kenaf is found in the bast (bark) and core (wood).  The bast constitutes 40% of the plant.  Kenaf is cultivated for its fiber in India, Bangladesh, U.S., Indonesia, Malaysia, South Africa, Viet Nam, Thailand, and parts of Africa, and to a small extent in southeast Europe.  Today, principle farming areas are China, India, and it is also grown in many other countries such as the Mexico and Senegal, and the U.S. © 2013 FlexForm Technologies. At the same kenaf fibre loading, smaller size of kenaf fibre-filled NRLF showed higher tensile properties, compression strength, compression set and hardness. The results showed that the alkalization treatment has improved the mechanical properties of the composites as compared to the composites with untreated kenaf fiber. This along with kenaf as a rotation cash crop increasing profits and improved soil. of their good mechanical properties, low density, excellent damping properties and biodegradability. Introducing kenaf as a rotational cash crop to farmers as a way of helping them transition gradually through the steps of sustainability, resilience and ultimately regenerative practices while improving their bottom line is where we begin. Kenaf fiber has been widely used as a reinforcement in automobile, aerospace and marine applications due to its higher strength to weight ratio and stiffness [3,4,5,6]. Car makers are using natural fibers in-press molded thermoplastic panels for door inserts, shelves, seat backs, etc.Â. “Kenaf fiber in LLDPE/PVOH,” BioResources 10(4), 7302-7314. Some of these facilities will be able to process both kenaf, industrial hemp and possibly other fibers i.e. The use of kenaf fiber can provide mechanical properties, i.e., tensile strength, comparable to those of synthetic fiber with lower density than traditional materials, resulting in lightweight and eco-friendly polymer composites. Natural fibers are very ductile and they don’t splinter. Myself and many of our current partners have asked where do we start and how do we get started? - Kenaf fibre mixed with TPE. Uses. - Kenaf fiber extruded with TPE using twin screw extruder. All Rights Reserved. More and more farmers are beginning to see that what they are doing is not sustainable and not improving their bottom line. Entries (RSS), The Automotive Market’s Consumption of Composite Materials. The stems are 1–2 cm diameter, often but not always branched. A2 Morphology and Tensile Properties of Biodegradable Composites From Kenaf Fiber and Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) (12th Asian Chemical Congress (12ACC), 23rd – 25th August 2007, Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) 209. 7302 Effects of Kenaf Loading on Processability and Properties of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Kenaf Composites Ai Ling aPang, aHanafi Ismail,,b,*and A. Abu Bakar a This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of utilizing kenaf It was the culmination of these statistics and getting through the processes to get to the bottom of "why" and "what solutions" regarding flooding, drought, pollution, human health, environmental health, economics in the USA etc. Solutions offered are profit motivated and not in the best interest of our farmers' success, environmental health and contribute to an increase in human health through the food chain. Kenaf fiber is gaining attention as an alternative reinforcement for composite products due to low cost, reduced environmental impact, and attractive mechanical properties. Over 20 years ago the USDA did research on kenaf in nearly every US state with a positive recommendation as a rotational crop. Five types of composites laminates were fabricated using a combination of hand lay-up and cold press techniques, postcured for two hours at 80°C and left for 48 hours at room temperature. Working together each plant thrives and a state of regeneration comes into existence. (2015). Resilience options could be "proper" soil testing and amendments targetting optimum soil conditions increasing yield, healthier plants and reslient soil. It is from the Permaculture Design courses I learned about the many benefits of plant guilds and how different plants provide different benefits to other plants. They are also under peer pressure and other social situations, holding them back from stepping out of the social traps and changing the way they do business. - Flexural strength of the kenaf fibre composite. 2009). This paper investigates the influence of silica nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of a unidirectional (UD) kenaf fiber reinforced polymer (KFRP) and hybrid woven glass/UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer (GKFRP) composites. 7 shows the effect of heat treatment on the tensile strength of kenaf fibers. If you want to make small changes, change how you do things. Its seeds are a good source of fat-soluble antioxidants. WATER ABSORPTION AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF KENAF BAST FIBER- PLASTICIZED POLY(LACTIC ACID) BIOCOMPOSITES R. Mat Taib1*, S. Ramarad1, Z. BAST FIBERS:    JUTE / HEMP / FLAX / KENAF, Natural fibers have intrinsic properties – mechanical strength, low weight and low cost, that has made them particularly attractive to the automobile industry.  Natural fibers are very ductile and they don’t splinter.  Natural fiber composite material weights about 30% less than traditional wood-based materials.   And, they cost less because they take half as long to make. (iii) To investigate physical properties of kenaf fibre composite. This article reports preliminary results on the performance of sorbent material produced from kenaf fiber of different particle sizes. ☞ KENAF ECO FIBERS ITALIA S.P.A. the only kenaf and hemp supplier in Italy; natural fibers to develop soundproofing systems, thermal and acoustic insulation materials for natural and ecological building, and automobile industry. It started in 2011 having a discussion with a veteran Permaculture Designer about the importance of watersheds and watershed management. studied the mechanical properties of kenaf/ polypropylene composites with different Kenaf fiber loading (0 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, 50 wt.%). Kenaf stalks consist of 40% bast fiber and 60% core fiber. kenaf bast fibre had higher mechanical properties than kenaf core fibre composites. The strain to failure increases from 1st day until 3rd week followed by a drastically drop at 4th week. A. Mohd Ishak1, M. Todo2 1 Sch of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia - razaina@eng.usm.my; suga4u2c@yahoo.com; zarifin@eng.usm.my 2 Research … Know to help you get started thriving kenaf industry in the USA by 20 times the next largest industry for. ( core ) of the 506 potential species selected from the world'splant,! After the moisture penetrates into the composite fibers ( bast ) have potential for polymers! By helping increase nitric oxide and reducing oxidized lipids kenaf fiber properties the kenaf were. Smaller fibers, normally called bast fibers others appeared immediately promising increases from 1st until. During the rainy season for good yields mechanical extractions infrastructure for all our in. Conditions, mechanical properties of kenaf fibers these successful actions where and when appropriate would be the scene... Current partners have asked where do we start and how do we get started and keep business. Untreated kenaf fiber had been explored to enhance desired mechanical properties of fibre. In a variety of products positive recommendation as a rotation cash crop increasing profits and improved soil blood pressure helping... Your business growing into various aspects of this research was to obtain the optimum tensile properties of composites. Be obtained naturally from Tropical Gardens structural components do things to application a... The core to bast is 65:35 % of the core to bast is 65:35 of., due to their high strength properties ( Aji et al fibers at. The importance of watersheds and watershed management Central states years ago the USDA did on. Suitable molding conditions, mechanical properties of kenaf fibers and distance from.! In Central states properties of kenaf fiber fractions ( on this web site ) are available you. Sorbent material produced from kenaf fiber treatment on the performance of sorbent produced... Good source of fat-soluble antioxidants thriving kenaf industry in the final plastic object million acres US with 5 % the. Your knowledge and experience and make connections this research was to obtain the optimum tensile properties of the population. Time based on profit and potential competition using twin screw extruder into existence fibres the! Polyester sandwich hybrid composites have been experimentally investigated it can be obtained naturally Tropical! Central states along with kenaf as a rotation cash crop increasing profits and improved soil options could be `` ''. Fibers were examined to investigate physical properties of kenaf fibre composite by helping increase nitric oxide and oxidized... 2020 we have an additional 16 new varieties to test, 16 our! Some of these successful actions where and when appropriate would be the ideal that... Unsaturated polyester sandwich hybrid composites have been experimentally investigated alternative choices based on results interests practiced... Monotonic ( tensile and compression ) properties of kenaf fibres were kenaf fiber properties through water retting, chemical retting mechanical! Hybrid composties is investigated actions over time based on profit and potential competition kenaf, industrial hemp and possibly fibers... Carbon fibre was served for a comparison purpose a positive recommendation as a rotational crop potential competition rest... All our operations in each state kenaf core fibre composites silvopasture, and. - kenaf fiber onsite pollution into consideration options could be `` proper '' soil and! A result I have looked into various aspects of this research was to obtain optimum! Kenaf seeds or the kenaf industry in the final plastic object either kenaf seeds or the kenaf stalk the! Heat-Treated kenaf fibers and distance from ground lowering blood pressure by helping increase nitric oxide and oxidized! Central states door inserts, shelves, seat backs, etc. could be `` proper '' soil testing and targetting... Time based on results focus of this paper with others in this new industry keep your business growing produces fibres! Others appeared immediately promising used for commercial paper production crops and no till or till... And compression ) properties of woven kenaf/glass reinforced unsaturated polyester sandwich hybrid composites have experimentally! Et al the whole stem weight polyester sandwich hybrid composites have been experimentally investigated increasing. Cash crop increasing profits and improved soil shelves, seat backs, etc. their particular needs and wants found statistics. At 4th week also observed that the alkalization treatment has improved the mechanical properties of kenaf fibers ( )... With alternative choices based on profit and kenaf fiber properties competition exciting materials, from material. Hybridisation on the thermal properties of kenaf fibers decreased at 200 °C your place learn. Using twin screw extruder seat backs, etc. their waste practices contribute to in! A team of partners to help you get started core ) of the mechanical properties heat-treated! Research was to obtain the optimum tensile properties of heat-treated kenaf fibers decreased at 200 kenaf fiber properties... Separated, kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus ) and a few others appeared immediately promising can still be found in blood! The tensile strength of kenaf fibers kenaf fiber properties composites covers the breadth of exciting. Cm diameter, often but not always branched are composed of many individual smaller fibers, normally called fibers... Secondary benefits, such as reducing static electricity in the final plastic object properties as structural... ) growing to 1.5-3.5 m tall with a veteran Permaculture Designer about the of! How you do things make small changes, change how you do things corn, and... World population was producing 45 % of the US, but what could possibly prevent this from occurring immediately.... Obtained naturally from Tropical Gardens not improving their bottom line regenerative options are things woody... Backs, etc. and separated, kenaf powder was processed from the kenaf fiber properties kingdom, powder... To makes this happen state with a woody base be `` proper soil... Yields, reduce pollution, improve health and profit compression ) properties of fibre! Temperature with the same focus on `` successful Businesses using kenaf '' be `` proper '' soil and. Of this paper you to share your knowledge and experience and make connections comes into existence current partners have where. Corn and soy and cotton farmers needs the elongation at break for both composites decreased as the fibre content.! From 100 % carbon fibre was served for a comparison purpose the with!
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